Pharmacology Flashcards
what is the difference b/w pharmokinetics and pharmodynamics?
pharmokinetics: methods in how drugs are absorbed, distributed, metabolized, eliminated and excreted
pharmodynamics: how the drug actually affects your body
list ways of administering drugs either internally/externally
internal: anything to add within the body - injections ex
external: generally topical
what’s the purpose of a drug vehicle?
an inactive substance aid to transport drugs (can either be a solid (capsule/tablet) or liquid (syrup/elixir)
what does the rate of absorption depend on?
the amount of dosage
def’n of bioavailability
how a drug is absorbed and available to produce a response - dependent on characteristic of drug and NOT dosage form
in terms of distribution of the drug in the body, define the following terms:
volume of distribution
efficacy
potency
VOD: vol. of plasma where the drug dissolves
efficacy: the ability for a drug to produce a therapeutic effect
potency: dose required to produce a desired therapeutic effect
what happens in the biotransformation of a drug?
the drug gets converted to water-soluble compounds - then metabolized by the liver and excreted by the kidneys
what does a drug half-life mean and what is it’s significance?
how much time can a drug be metabolized and excreted by 1/2
- if a patient needs a certain dose to have a therapeutic effect and the 1/2 life is short (less than a day)- it may be not enough to produce a therapeutic effect to last a full day, they must top up
what is the absorption rate on a drug when you’re exercising??
oral administration: decreased rate of absportion
intravenous/ subcutaneous administration: increased rate of absorption due to increase in blood flow at the extremities
what is the difference between administering and dispensing a drug?
administration: just one dose (may be limited due to the fact that we can’t directly administer drugs unless in an emergency situation or under the supervision of a physician varies)
dispensing: giving out multiple doses (we cannot do this)
What are the 6 R’s for administering a drug?
RIGHT PERSON RIGHT MEDICATION RIGHT DOSE RIGHT TIME RIGHT METHOD OF ADMIN RIGHT DOCUMENTATION
In usage of pharmaceuticals - what must not be assumed when an athlete takes their medication and another athlete has the same medication ?
everyone is going to respond to drugs differently
no athlete should be getting their teammates medication for their own use - can have a different effect on them
an athlete takes their teammates inhaler and uses it in hopes to combat their inability to breath - a few minutes later they seem to be getting worse and their breathing has become more laboured? what drug affect might have taken place?
paradoxical treatment - where the outcome is the exact opposite of what you wanted
you are aware that an athlete travelling with you for the out-of-town tournament has certain prescription drugs they need to take throughout the trip - what are ways to make sure they have enough?
pack more
do not leave in the luggage or storage
carry extra written prescriptions
drugs to combat infections.
alcohol - 70% ethyl-isopropyl
phenol - lysol
halogens - betadine - used for abrasion and floor burns
oxidizing agents - hydrogen peroxide (50/50 with water - can be used to tx inflammatory conditions of mouth and throat)
what are the 3 types of fungus that antifungals can usually combat
name 2 drugs that can combat these
epidermophyton
trichophyton
candida
drugs:
lamisill
ketaconazone *risk of hepatotoxicity
if you see on a medical label that this certain antibiotic says it’s bacteriostatic, what does that mean?
it inhibits the proliferation of bacterial growth
if you see on a medical label that this certain antibiotic says it’s bacteriocidal, what does that mean?
it kills the bacteria
what antibiotic drug can be taken in replacement of penicillin?
a macroglide antibiotic such as erythromisin
what other antibiotics are used for bacterial infections?
bactracin (broad spectrum)
tetracyclines (creates sensitivity to light exposure)
sulfonamides (common for UTI’s, skin infections)
quinolones (broad spectrum)
def’n of exercise induced bronchospasm
hyperventilation of cooler and dryer air in the respiratory tract
peaks ~ 5-10 min
resolves within 20-30 min
in the event that an athlete needs to take their asthma medications 1/2 / day especially before an event, what kind of asthma drug is this?
long-acting (inhaled corticosteroids) - used as a bronchodilator
for quick relief of an asthmatic attack what would be the recommended asthma drug to be utilized?
short-acting - albuterol (inhaler)
difference between metered dose inhalers and dry powder inhalers?
MDI - a set dose every time a person squeezes the top to inhale - may use a nebulizer for those who can’t inhale
DPI - the person needs to inhale more rapidly
