Skin Disorders - Ch.28 Flashcards by Mia Hebert

Name the 3 layers of the skin & what they contain

epidermis - outer barrier (skin)

dermis - mech. support for epidermis - bloodvessels , nn, glands

subcutis - fat

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

def’n of ‘cafe au lait’

areas of increased melanin

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

def’n of ‘celluitis’

warmth & reddening of skin

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

name an example of the following primary skin lesions:

macules 
papules 
plaques 
nodules 
tumors
cysts
wheals
vescicles
bullae 
pustules

macules - freckle
papules - wart
plaques - patch of dipigmentation 
nodules - soft mass < 1 cm size
tumors - solid mass larger than 1 cm 
cysts - fluid filled capsules
wheals - hives 
vesicles - smallpox
bullae - larger vesicles 
pustules - vesicles but with pus

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

name an example of the following secondary skin lesions:

scale
crust
fissure
erosion 
ulcer
scar

scale - flakes
crust - dried exudate (dried eye goop) 
fissure - skin crack
erosion - scratch 
ulcer- pressure sore 
scar - healing of dermis

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

def’n of ‘hyperkeratosis’

callus formation due to external forces of rubbing - thickening of stratum corneum

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

MNG of hyperkeratosis

no pomus stones

external forces should be minimized

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

mx for blisters?

shearing (horiz) forces

s/s - hot spot with fluid filled (clear of blood)

mng - use of second skin or stop shearing force

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

def’n of ‘cavus purus’

mng?

hard callus

due to improperly fitted shoes & anatomical abnormalities & hammer toes

wear properly fitted shoes

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

def’n of ‘ cavus mollis’

mng?

soft calus

due to narrow shoes & excessive foot perspiration

wear properly fitted shoes

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

how do you combat excessive perspiration of feet?

apply astringent, powders, change footwear frequently

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

chafing? mng?

friction of an area (repeated)

cleaned and dried everyday

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

def’n of ‘xerotic skin’

dry skin during winter months (use any moisturizer

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

mng of ingrown toenails?

soak in warm water & betadine (20 mins) to soften the skin

lift nail from skin
no round cutting of the toe nail - must be cut straight

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

def’n of ‘abrasion’

skin scrapped across a rough surface

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

diff between laceration and incision?

laceration: jagged and rough cut usually deep
incision: clean and straight cut

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

what does irrigation do?

using a gauze soaked in saline to create moist environment for open would (not used for infection)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

which is more clinically effective in healing wounds? non-occlusive or occlusive

occlusive

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

in which situation would closing steristrips would be appropriate?

clean and smooth lacerations with areas that don’t have a lot of dynamic pull to it (face) or area of minimal movement

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

what gauze is indicative for puncture wounds?

woven
unwoven
impregnated gauze

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

def’n of methicillen resistant stephalococcus aureus (MRSA)

s/s?

mng?

infection that infects any part of the body
- highly resistance to commonly used antibiotics

redness and tenderness @ site of infection

mng: antibiotics

RTP criteria for infections

no new lesions for 48 hrs

72 hrs of antibiotics tx

no drainage of wound

s/s ‘impetigo contagiosa’

mng?

RTP?

itching and redness - rupture of small vesicles (likely at body folds where there is a lot of friction)

cleansing area 4/5 x /day - use of topical antibacterial cream - batroban’

no new lesions for 48 hrs after 72 hrs of antibiotic tx - no drainage of wound

s/s of furuncles?

mng?

neck, face and buttock
infection of hair follicles

mng: do not squeeze
refer to physician to drain

s/s of carbuncles? mng?

larger, deeper + several openings in skin mng: refer to physician

def'n of folliculitis s/s mng

inflammation of hair follicle - usually from wearing tight apparel that causes moist environment s/s: redness, warmth - openings? mng: moist heat applied intermittently to increase circulation + antibiotics

def'n of 'hidradenitis suppurativa' s/s mng?

inflamm of apocrine gland (large sweat glands) s/s: begins as small papule - grows into tiny tumor mng: avoid antiperspirants, deoderants, or shaving creams - use medicated soaps -systemic antibiotics

def'n of paronchyia and onychia mng?

paronchyia: infection of proximal/lateral nail folds - reddish bumps of proximal/lateral area of nailbed onychia: infection of nail bed (avoid this bitch) mng: soak finger in betadine 3x/day

tetanus infection s/s mng?

lockjaw - caused by puncture wounds or deep lacerations s/s - lockjaw or stiffness in neck or jaw & facial expressions are painful mng - tetanus shot immediately - ICU

how are fungal infections transmitted?

dirty showers contaminated clothing direct contact

s/s & mng of 'tinea capitis'

s/s - begins as small papule & spreads out as bald patches with grey scales mng - antifungal shampoo with selenium sulphide

s/s & mng of 'tinea corporis'

s/s - ring shaped - itchy red and brown spot mng - topical antifungal (2x/day for 72 hrs)

s/s & mng of 'tinea ungulium'

s/s - nail is thickened and separated from nail bed mng - topical antifungal

s/s & mng of 'tinea cruris'

"jock itch" s/s - (B) browning of skin - sealing plaque with "snakelike border" (resembles a butterfly) ** not like erythasma - bacteral infection but NOT scaly** mng - topical antifungal

def'n of candidiasis

caused by yeast s/s - beefy red patches & satellite pustules mng - maintain dry area - antifungal cream

s/s & mng of tinea versicolor

s/s- multi. macules of pink, white, and brown (don't tan in the sun) mng - selenium sulphide (10mins/day) for 1-2 wks

what are the two types of herpes simplex? s/s

1. outside genitals 2. at genitals s/s - N/T 24 hrs prior to apperance of lesion takes 10-14 days to heal

def'n of herpes zoster

shingles - follows specific nn rot innervation must wait until lesions are dry and crusty to RTP

when are antiviral meds useless?

when lesions are crusty

RTP criteria after viral infections?

5 days of systemic antiviral tx 72 hrs of no new lesions lesions have crusted over

mng of both warts on hands and feet?

protection from further irritation plantar warts (protect with doughnut pad)

mng of chicken pox (molloscum contagiousum)

no direct contact sports | refer to MD

s/s of contact dermatitis mng?

- non immunological reaction to irritant usually from plants or chemicals s/s - onset varies (1d - 1 wk) - redness and oozing fluid mng - ID irritant and remove

def'n of chillbains s/s mng?

excessive exposure to cold s/s - edema, redness, sensation of burning & itching mng - ex and warming of body MASSAGE AND WARM APPLICATIONS at extremities ARE CONTRAINDICATED

if you were bitten by mites - s/s and mng?

dark lines in b/w body folds - extreme itching mng - application of permethin (applied neck down overnight)

3 types of lice mng?

head louse crab louse - pubic hairs corpus louse - body & seams of clothing mng - NIX shampoo - wash clothes and bedding

s/s and mng of fleas?

they suck blood in counts of three mng: calamine lotion to stop itching

s/s and mng of lyme disease and tick bites?

s/s - headache, fever, rash small dark spots that maintain colour when pressure is applied - turns out into a peripherated blob mng: fingernail polish to take out the tick or remove ticks head with tweezers

two spiders that are cause for concern after being bitten?

black widow and brown recluse small puncture wound withe central blister with mm cramps mng: wash wound and refer to ER

criteria for malignant melanoma? | ABCD

Asymmetrical - 1/2 of body isn't symm Border - edges are irregular and jagged Colour - colour varies and is not consistent Diameter - size that's larger than a pencil eraser mng: refer and constantly recheck condition