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PTRS 745 Exam 1 > Therapeutic Exercise > Flashcards

Therapeutic Exercise Flashcards

1
Q

Term: Safely return a pt. to his or her preinjury state with as little risk of reinjury as possible with the minimum amount of pt. inconvenience

A

Intervention

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2
Q

Term: Tool (object or therapist) used to restore and improve a pt.’s musculoskeletal or cardiopulmonary well being.

A

Therapeutic exercise

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3
Q

Q: What is the goal of a therapeutic exercise program?

A

Optimal level of symptom free movement during basic to complex physical activities

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4
Q

Q: How do you achieve symptom-free movement and function?

A
  1. Knowledge of basic principles
  2. Relationships of anatomy and kinesiology
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5
Q

Content: Components of TherEx (3)

A
  1. Activity
  2. Technique
  3. Elements
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6
Q

Term: TherEx - a posture and any movement occurring in that posture

A

Activity

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7
Q

Term: TherEx - the type(s) of muscle contraction(s) i.e. concentric, eccentric, isometric

A

Technique

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8
Q

Term: TherEx - sensory input used either to facilitate or inhibit a response

A

Element

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9
Q

Content: Parts of the intervention definition (5)

A
  1. Exercise to prevent muscular atrophy
  2. Restoring joint and muscle function
  3. Increasing muscular strength
  4. Improving efficient cardiovascular and pulmonary function
  5. Neurological elements
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10
Q

Content: Other bits of the TherEx puzzle (4)

A
  1. Understand state of the injury
  2. Understand surgical procedure
  3. Know potential rate of recovery
  4. Be aware of precautions, complications, and contraindications
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11
Q

Content: Intervention for Bone (2)

A
  1. Biomechanical energy in the line of stress
  2. Avoid sheer forces
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12
Q

Content: Intervention for Cartilage (2)

A
  1. Intermittent compression and decompression with gliding
  2. Avoid excessive overload
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13
Q

Q: How can posture effect TherEx? (2)

A
  1. Watch for compensatory mechanism
  2. Can lead to other injury
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14
Q

Content: Intervention for Collagen

A

Modified tension in the line of stress

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15
Q

Content: Things to keep in mind when addressing the problem (4)

A
  1. Where is the pt. lacking function?
  2. What are the pt goals?
  3. Are they the same as your goals?
  4. Assess the needs
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16
Q

Q: What is the PT problem solving approach?

A

Assess needs > develop a plan > implement plan > evaluate plan > ALWAYS return to ASSESS needs

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17
Q

Content: Skillful Decision Making Models (4)

A
  1. Disablement model
  2. Medical model
  3. Clinical reasoning
  4. Algorithms
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18
Q

Defn: Disablement model

A

Impairment, Function, Activity

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19
Q

Defn: Medical model

A

Scan, Illness scripts

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20
Q

Defn: Clinical reasoning

A

Reliant on experience

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21
Q

Defn: Algorithms

A

If and then

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22
Q

Q: What is a problem list good for?

A

Helps you develop your goals and plan

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23
Q

Content: Basic Principles of TherEx (6)

A
  1. Bi/Unilateral
  2. Un/stable
  3. Single/multiplanar motion
  4. Single/multijoint motion
  5. Simple/complex task/exercise
  6. Specific to job/sport
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24
Q

Content: 4 parts of specificity of training

A
  1. Bilateral vs. single loading exercise
  2. Balance
  3. Proporioception
  4. Kinesthetic
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25
Q

T/F: Balance should be progressed from simple to complex activites.

A

True

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26
Q

Content: Other considerations for TherEx (6)

A
  1. Posture/position
  2. Muscle type, contraction, fibers
  3. Repetition
  4. Rest/recovery
  5. Periodization
  6. Substitution
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27
Q

Q: In which phase is the area red, warm, swollen, and painful?

A

Acute

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28
Q

Q: In which phase is there pain present at rest and with motion of the involved area?

A

Acute

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29
Q

Q: In which phase is there coagulation and WBCs present?

A

Acute

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30
Q

Q: What are the 3 goals of the acute phase?

A
  1. Rest
  2. Relieve pain
  3. Protect
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31
Q

Q: What is an illness script?

A

Decision making that gets right to the point and treats the problem

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32
Q

Q: In which phase does pain occur with activity or motion of involved area?

A

Sub-acute

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33
Q

Q: In which phase is ROM and strength limited?

A

Sub-acute

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34
Q

Q: In which phase is there capillary growth, granulation tissue formation, fibroblast proliferation with collagen synthesis, and increased macrophage activity?

A

Sub-acute

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35
Q

Q: What is another name for the sub-acute phase?

A

Migratory/Proliferative Phase

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36
Q

Q: What are the 3 goals of the sub-acute phase?

A
  1. Optimal stimulus for regeneration
  2. Protect
  3. Gain motion
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37
Q

Q: In which phase may pain occur after activity?

A

Chronic

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38
Q

Q: In which phase does macrophage and fibroblast activity diminish?

A

Chronic

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39
Q

Q: In which phase does scar tissue density and tensile strength increase?

A

Chronic

40
Q

Q: What are the 4 goals of the chronic phase?

A
  1. Increase tissue stress
  2. Full motion
  3. Strengthen
  4. Return to pain-free function
41
Q

Content: Types of TherEx (7)

A
  1. ROM
  2. Strengthening
  3. Flexibility
  4. Coordination
  5. Endurance
  6. Balance/Neuromuscular control
  7. Functional/specific activities
42
Q

Content: What 3 questions can you ask for any type of TherEx

A
  1. Does the pt. have the available ROM?
  2. What motion do you need to perform this stance?
  3. What exercises can you prescribe to achieve this?
43
Q

Term: The ability of a muscle or muscle group to produce tension and a resulting force during a maximal effort, either dynamically or statically in relation to the demands placed upon it

A

Strength

44
Q

Term: Relates to the ability of the neuromuscular system to produce, reduce, or control forces, contemplated or imposed, during functional activities, in a smooth, coordinated manner

A

Functional Strength

45
Q

Defn: “Normal” strength

A

The amount or degree of strength of a muscle that allows that muscle to contract against gravity and hold against maximum resistance (one time)

46
Q

Q: Is our definition of normal strength really a measurement of strength?

A

No, also need to look at endurance (a different type of strength)

47
Q

Q: Muscle strength is a foundation for developing muscle ________.

A

Power

48
Q

Content: 2 ways power can be enhanced

A
  1. Increasing the work a muscle must perform in a specific period of time
  2. Reducing the amount of time taken to generate the force
49
Q

Term: The ability of a muscle to contract repeatedly against a load, generate and sustain tension, and resist fatigue over an extended period of time

A

Muscular endurance

50
Q

T/F: The larger the diameter of the muscle the greater the tension-producing capacity.

A

True

51
Q

Term: Increase in fiber size

A

Hypertrophy

52
Q

Term: Increase in fiber number

A

Hyperplasia

53
Q

Q: Which fiber type can generate large amounts of tension, but fatigue quickly?

A

Type 2A-B

54
Q

Q: Which fiber type develops less tension but are resistant to fatigue?

A

Type 1

55
Q

Q: Which type of contract produces the most tension?

A

Eccentric

56
Q

T/F: Greater torques are produced at higher speeds.

A

False: lower

57
Q

T/F: During eccentric contractions, increased speed of lengthening produces more tension.

A

True

58
Q

Q: At what length is the greatest tension produced?

A

Near or at resting length

59
Q

T/F: The length tension relationship can be altered by pt. position, thus positional weakness should be considered for MMT and TherEx.

A

True

60
Q

Term: Advanced skill that is built on flexibility, strength, and power first, followed by coordination and balance.

A

Agility

61
Q

Term: The ability to use the right muscles at the right time with appropriate sequencing and intensity

A

Coordination

62
Q

Term: The ability to perform smooth, accurate, and controlled movements.

A

Coordination

63
Q

Term: Ability to maintain equilibrium.

A

Balance

64
Q

Q: What 3 systems are used for balance?

A
  1. Sensory
  2. Biomechanical
  3. Motor
65
Q

Term: The body’s ability to transmit position sense, interpret the information and respond consciously or unconsciously to stimulation through appropriate execution of posture and movement

A

Proprioception

66
Q

Q: What does functional movement allow use to do?

A

Gives us the ability to change direction of movement quickly and efficiently and adapt to surfaces

67
Q

Q: What is the overload principle?

A

Progressive loading of the muscle by manipulating intensity or volume of the exercise

68
Q

Q: What does the overload principle look like for strength training?

A

Amount of resistance applied is gradually increased

69
Q

Q: What does the overload principle look like for endurance training?

A

Emphasis on increasing time muscle contraction is sustained or number of repetitions performed

70
Q

Q: What is the acronym SAID?

A

Specific Adaptation to Imposed Demands

71
Q

T/F: According to SAID, exercised should be selected to create training effects specific to pt.’s funcitonal needs and goals

A

True

72
Q

Content: Progressive Resistance Exercise - DeLorme (3)

A
  1. 3 sets of 10 RM
  2. Progressive loading during each set
  3. Warm up build in
73
Q

Content: Progressive Resistance Exercise - Oxford (2)

A
  1. Regressive loading
  2. Diminished the resistance as the muscle fatigues
74
Q

T/F: Oxford PRE results in better outcomes than DeLorme PRE.

A

False; same outcome

75
Q

Q: The following example is what type of PRE? 10 reps @50%, 10 reps @75%, 10 reps @100%

A

DeLorme

76
Q

Q: The following example is what type of PRE? 10 reps @ 100%, 10 reps @75%, 10 reps @50%

A

Oxford

77
Q

Content: DAPRE (4)

A
  1. Daily adjustable progressive resistive exercise
  2. Based on 6RM
  3. Adjusted working weight is based on the max number
  4. This determines the weight for the next session
78
Q

Content: How to calculate DAPRE (5)

A
  • 0-2 reps decrease 5-10#
  • 3-4 reps decrease 0-5#
  • 5-6 reps keep same weight
  • 7-10 reps increase 5-10#
  • 11+ increase 10-15#
79
Q

Diagram: Oddvar Holten Curve

A
80
Q

Term: Distal portion free in space

A

Open Chain Exercise

81
Q

Term: Distal protion of segment is fixed

A

Close chain exercise

82
Q

Q: What are open chain exercised used for?

A

To isolate one joint motion

83
Q

Q: What are closed chain exercises used for?

A

When you want multiple joints and muscles involved

84
Q

Content: Periodization (4)

A
  1. Method used to prevent overtraining
  2. Helps maximize results in minimum time
  3. Improves muscular endurance, strength, power, motor performance, and/or muscle hypertrophy
  4. Can alter exercise variables (mode, order, frequency, intensity, volume)
85
Q

Q: What are plyometrics good for? (3)

A
  1. power training combined with strengthening
  2. using max force in short time period
  3. eccentric to concentric
86
Q

Q: What is the plyometric theory related to series elastic components?

A

Stored energy created with rapid stretching, energy released immediately with concentric contraction

87
Q

Q: What is the plyometric theory related to the neurophysiological model?

A

Stretch reflex occurs as a response to overstretching, reaction is to recoil spring into concentric contraction

88
Q

Q: What are the 3 phases of plyometrics?

A
  1. Pre-stretch
  2. Amortization (time between pre-stretch and concentric contraction)
  3. Muscle contraction
89
Q

Content: TherEx Dosage (5)

A
  1. Choose 1-2 types of exercise
  2. 1-3x/wk for 6-12 wks
  3. 2 sets of 10 OR 4 sets of 8
  4. 48-72 hours rest per body part
  5. Ample rest between sets
90
Q

Content: Delayed Onset of Muscle Soreness (DOMS) (4)

A
  1. can occur 48-72 hours after exercise
  2. usually related to eccentric exercise or lack of preparation
  3. low load and high rep will assisst in healing
  4. proper hydration and nutrition are key
91
Q

Q: What 5 things should you consider when prescribing TherEx?

A
  1. Target Muscles
  2. Adjust to activity and posture
  3. Strength vs. endurance
  4. Frequency
  5. Pt personality
92
Q

Q: What is the exercise prescription for an endurance training objective?

A

Very short rest periods, 2-3 sets, reps > 15

93
Q

Q: What is the exercise prescription for a hypertrophy training objective?

A

Rest 30-45 secs or before full recovery, 3-4 sets, reps to fatigue

94
Q

Q: What is the exercise prescription for a strength training objective?

A

Rest 1-2 mins, 3-6 sets, reps 4-8

95
Q

Q: What is the exercise prescription for a power training objective?

A

Rest 2-5 min, sets 2-4, reps 3-6

96
Q

Content: Exercise selection (3)

A
  1. Multiple exercises for the same muscle group
  2. Stable and unstable surfaces
  3. Incorporate interval training
97
Q

Q: How should you structure a HEP?

A

So that is compliments your program in the clinic

PTRS 745 Exam 1 (9 decks)

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