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PTRS 745 Exam 1 > The Elbow > Flashcards

The Elbow Flashcards

1
Q

Q: One function of the elbow is transmission of ________ from the shoulder to the ______.

A

power, hand

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2
Q

Diagram: Identify the ligaments (2)

A

L - Annular ligament

R - Ulnar collateral ligament

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3
Q

Diagram: Identify the ligament

A

Radial collateral ligament

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4
Q

Q: What is the carrying (cubital) angle in men and women?

A

M = 11-14

W = 13-16

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5
Q

Term: Increase of cubital angle

A

Ulnar palsy

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6
Q

Content: Radiohumeral joint - Resting position, close packed position, CPR

A

RP = full extension and supination

CPP = elbow flexed 90, supinated 5

CPR = flexion > extension > supination > pronation

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7
Q

Content: Ulnohumeral joint - Resting position, close packed position, CPR

A

RP = 70 elbow flexion, 10 supination

CPP = Extension with supination

CPR = flexion > extension

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8
Q

Content: Proximal radioulnar joint - Resting position, close packed position, CPR

A

RP = 70 elbow flexion, 35 supination

CPP = 5 supination

CPR = supination/pronation

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9
Q

Content: Humeroulnar flexion roll and glide

A

R = anterior

G = distal/anterior

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10
Q

Content: Humeroulnar extension roll and glide

A

R = posterior

G = proximal/posterior

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11
Q

Content: Humeroradial flexion roll and glide

A

R = anterior

G = anterier

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12
Q

Content: Humeroradial extension roll and glide

A

R = posterior

G = posterior

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13
Q

Content: Forearm varus roll and glide

A

R = medial

G = lateral

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14
Q

Content: Forearm valgus roll and glide

A

R = lateral

G = medial

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15
Q

Content: Proximal radioulnar pronation roll and glide

A

R = anterior

G = posterior/dorsal

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16
Q

Content: Proximal radioulnar supination roll and glide

A

R = posterior

G = anterior/volar

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17
Q

Content: Distal radioulnar pronation roll and glide

A

R = anterior

G = anterior

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18
Q

Content: Distal radioulnar supination roll and glide

A

R = posterior

G = posterior

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19
Q

Q: What amount of hyper extension is available at the elbow?

A

10-15

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20
Q

Content: Clinical syndromes based on location of symptoms - anterior (4)

A
  1. Anterior capsular strain
  2. Biceps rupture
  3. Elbow dislocation
  4. Pronator syndrome
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21
Q

Content: Clinical syndromes based on location of symptoms - medial (4)

A
  1. Medial epicondylitis
  2. MCL/UCL injury
  3. Ulnar neuritis
  4. Fracture
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22
Q

Content: Clinical syndromes based on location of symptoms - posterior (3)

A
  1. Olecranon bursitis
  2. Olecranon process
  3. Stress fracture, triceps tendinitis
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23
Q

Content: Clinical syndromes based on location of symptoms - lateral (6)

A
  1. Lateral epicondylitis
  2. LCL/RCL injury
  3. Capitulum fracture
  4. Osteocondral degenerative
  5. Osteocondritis dissecans
  6. Radial head fracture
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24
Q

Content: Differential diagnosis - Trauma (3)

A
  1. FOOSH
  2. Fall on tip of elbow/olecranon
  3. Ligament injury
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25
Q

Content: differential diagnosis - Overuse (2)

A
  1. Epicondylitis
  2. Little Leaguer’s elbow
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26
Q

Defn: epicondylitis

A

Inflammation of one of the epicondyles, which includes both the periosteum and the tendons

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27
Q

Q: What is another name for lateral epicondylitis?

A

tennis elbow

28
Q

Q: What is another name for medial epicondylitis?

A

Golfer’s or thrower’s elbow

29
Q

T/F: There are more cases of medial epicondylitis than lateral epicondylitis.

A

False, flip it

30
Q

Q: What is the profile of individual who get epicondylitis?

A

35-50 yos and young athletes

31
Q

Defn: Lateral epicondylitis

A

Inflammation in the origin of the extensor carpi radialis brevis and extensor carpi radialis longus

32
Q

Q: What are the typical symptoms of lateral epicondylitis? (3)

A
  1. Insidious onset of lateral elbow pain
  2. Pain with wrist extension
  3. Weakened grip strength
33
Q

Q: What is the MOI for lateral epicondylitis? (2)

A
  1. Over use - repetitive grasping with wrist extension
  2. Trauma
34
Q

Q: What position during a tennis stroke can help prevent lateral epicondylitis?

A

Pronation with the wrist locked

35
Q

Defn: Stage 1 Lateral epicondylitis

A

Inflammation without alteration in the tendons

36
Q

Defn: Stage 2 Lateral epicondylitis

A

Associated with pathological changes in the tendon (tendinosis) and angiofibroblastic degeneration

37
Q

Defn: Stage 3 Lateral epicondylitis

A

Pathological changes in the tendon and rupture

38
Q

Defn: Stage 4 Lateral epicondylitis

A

Characteristics ofthe stage 2 and 3 plus fibrosis, soft matrix calcifications, and faint calcifications along the epicondylar margins

39
Q

Q: What is the “Chair Test” for lateral epicondylitis?

A

Lifting a chair with pronated hand (positive is probably pain)

40
Q

Content: 3 special tests for lateral epicondylitis

A
  1. Finger extension
  2. Cozen’s test
  3. Mill’s test
41
Q

Diagram: Identify the test

A

Cozen’s test

42
Q

Diagram: Identify the test

A

Mill’s test

43
Q

Q; What is the conservative treatment for lateral epicondylitis?

A

Corticosteroid injection

44
Q

Q: What are the key points of pt. education for lateral epicondylitis? (4)

A
  1. avoid MOI
  2. Elbow and wrist extended and pronated
  3. Hit infront of body so core can contribute
  4. 2 handed back stroke
45
Q

Q: What 3 modalities are used for lateral epicondylitis?

A
  1. Ice
  2. Ultrasound
  3. Iontoforesis
46
Q

Q: What manual therapy can be used for lateral epicondylitis? (2)

A
  1. Deep transverse friction with Mill’s manipulation
  2. Radial head and cervical mobilizations
47
Q

Defn: Medial epicondylitis

A

Inflammation in the origin of the flexor carpi radialis and pronator teres (interface between these muscles)

48
Q

Q: What are the typical symptoms of medial epicondylitis?

A
  1. medial elbow pain
  2. pain with wrist flexion and pronation
49
Q

T/F: The finger extension speacial test was originally used for nerve impingement and later applied to lateral epicondylitis.

A

True

50
Q

Q: What are 2 special tests for medial epicondylitis?

A
  1. Resisted wrist flexion
  2. Passive stretch of elbow and wrist extension
51
Q

Q: What education does the pt. need regarding medial epicondylitis?

A

Rest and modify activities

52
Q

T/F: The modalities for medial and lateral epicondylitis are different.

A

False, the same

53
Q

Q: What TherEx is useful for medial epicondylitis? (3)

A
  1. Stretch
  2. Strengthen
  3. Eccentric muscle training
54
Q

Q: What manual therapy is useful for medial epicondylitis?

A

Deep transverse massage and lateral glides

55
Q

Content: Little leaguer’s elbow - variety of injuries in the elbow of young pitchers (6)

A
  1. Osteochondritis dissecans of the capitulum or radial head
  2. growth plate fractures
  3. apophysitis or fracture of the medical epicondyle
  4. ulnar CL tear
  5. Anterior capulsar injury
  6. Olecranon trauma
56
Q

Q: What are the symptoms of little leaguer’s elbow?

A

Pain in the medial aspect of the elbow with edema

57
Q

Q: What is the MOI of little leaguer’s elbow?

A

Excessive valgus stress and hyperextension and overuse

 Ex. High pitch volume, early use of curve ball/slider, poor biomechanics, lack

 of necessary conditioning
58
Q

Q: What education is necessary for little leaguer’s elbow?

A

No throwing for 4-6 wks and biomechanical analysis is recommended

59
Q

Q: What modalities are appropriate for little leaguer’s elbow?

A

Ice and hot packs

60
Q

Diagram: Fill in the differential diagnosis table

A
  1. Cervical spondylosis
  2. Radial tunnel syndrome
  3. PIN compression
  4. Intra-articular loose bodies
  5. Tumors
  6. Avascular necrosis
  7. Osteochondritis dessicans
61
Q

Q: How do braces for lateral epicondylitis work?

A

“They take the force away from the tendon”

62
Q

Q: Describe the arthrokinematics for elbow flexion.

A

The ulna slides anteriorly, distally, and lateraly while the radial head slides anteriorly

63
Q

Q: Describe the arthrokinematics for elbow extension

A

The ulna slides posteriorly, proximally, and medially while the radial head glides posteriorly

64
Q

Q: Describe the arthrokinematics for proximal radioulnar supination

A

Radial head glides anteriorly

65
Q

Q: Describe the arthrokinematics for proximal radioulnar pronation

A

Radial head glides posteriorly

66
Q

Q: Describe the arthrokinematics for distal radioulnar supination

A

Radial head glides dorsally

67
Q

Q: Describe the arthrokinematics for distral radioulnar joint pronation

A

radial head glides volarly

PTRS 745 Exam 1 (9 decks)

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