Therapeutic Exercise Flashcards
Why use exercise
Lengthening movements and stretching out tissue, may use assistance, increases ROM
What must exercise target
Exercise must target a particular element , strength, length, ROM, power, endurance reduces fear
What are the principles of strength training
Overload- overload In strength training over load in endurance training, specificity for a function, specificity for strength or endurance, specificity of range, motivation, learning, reversibility, diminishing returns, age and gender
What’s the overload principle
Stage 1- initial rapid increase in strength demonstrated by increasing ability to lift a known training load
Stage 2- plateauing of improvement with same known training load
Stage 3- endurance increases only, with no further increase in strength if load isn’t progressed
Stage 4- training load must be increased for further increase in strength
What are the effects of strength training
Motor learning (6-8 weeks)- performance improves strength is constant Increase in muscle strength without Increase in muscle size (10-12 weeks) True hypertrophy(12 weeks+) slow steady increase in muscle size and strength, hypertrophy
Factors to consider when making a training programme
Resisted exercise= choice of exercise, resistance used, rest periods, number of sets, order of exercise
What’s mechanotherapy
Loading of tissue, stimulates cellular response, tissue adapts, tissue improves structure, tissue able to maintain homeostasis
What’s active assisted exercise
Uses a type of active ROM in which assistance is provided manually or mechanically by an outside force because the prime mover muscles need assistance to complete the motion
Goals for active assisted exercise
Maintain physiological elasticity and contractility of the participating muscles provide a stimulus for bone and joint tissue integrity, increases circulation and prevent thrombus formation, develop,co ordination and motor skills for functional activities later
Precautions for and contraindications of active assisted exercise
When it’s disruptive to healing process, after acute tears and surgery, if exercise causes increased pain and increased inflammation, upper limb exercises maybe contraindicated after MI breast surgery, CABG surgery and coronary angioplasty
Principles of application of active assisted exercise
Examination, evaluation, treatment planning, communication, clear work space, starting position of the patient, perform passive movement first then ask patient to perform exercise, assistance only as needed, exercise performed within available ROM
Types of active assisted exercise
Manual active assisted exercise(therapist assisted), auto assisted exercise (self assisted), mechano assisted exercise (using poles etc), slippy boards, poles, reciprocal pulleys, stationary bike, gym ball, hoops, small Bally’s
Examples of mechano assisted exercise
Shoulder flexion and lateral rotation with a stick (lying or sitting)
Shoulder flexion (+abduction) with reciprocal pulley (lying or sit)
Ankle plantar and dorisflexion with stationary bike or pedals
Hip and knee flexion with stationary bike and pedals
Hip and knee flexion with reciprocal pulleys
Hip and knee flexion using a gym ball
Shoulder flexion (+abduction) by wall climbing with the hand
Progression from active assisted exercise
Once the patient has gained sufficient control and strength of their movement they can be progressed onto free active exercise and eventually resisted, which will help improve muscle performance for a return to functional activities
Whats free active exercise
Movement of the segment within the unrestricted range of motion that is produced by active contraction of muscles crossing the joint
