Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Anatomy > theory test studyguide > Flashcards

theory test studyguide Flashcards

1
Q

WHAT ARE TWO TYPES OF IV SOLUTION

A
  1. CRYSTALLOID, 2. COLLOID
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

ISOTONIC

A

WHEN CLIENTS CANNOT EAT OR DRINK

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

HYPOTONIC

A

REHYDRATE CLIENTS EXPERIENCING FLUID LOSS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

HYPERTONIC

A

USED WHEN NECESSARY TO REDUCE CEREBRAL EDEMA, EXPAND CIRCULATORY VOLUME, RAOIDY TREAT SEVERE INTRAVASCULAR FLUID INTO EXTRA VASCULAR AREAS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

WHAT PATIENT CONDITION WOULD A NURSE ADMINISTER ALBUMIN

A

HYPOALBUMINENEMIA,

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

WHAT PATIENT CONDITION WOULD A NURSE ADMINISTER PLATELETS

A

CANCER PATIENTS OR PATIENTS WITH BLOOD DISORDERS, UNDERGOING OPEN HEART SURGERY OT ORGAN TRANSPLANTS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

WHAT IS MICRODRIP

A

SMALL SIZE DROPS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

WHAT IS MACRODRIPS

A

LARGE SIZED DROPS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

WHAT DOES GRAVITY HAVE TO DO WITH HOW FAST THE FLUID IS INFUSED

A

HEIGHT OF THE IV SOLUTION IN RELATION TO THE INFUSION SITE INFLUENCES THE RATE OF FLOW

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

GERENTOLOGIC CONSIDERATIONS

A

CLIENTS UNDERGOING STEM CELL TRANSPLANTATION OR THOSE FOR WHOM AGGRESSIVE DRUG THERAPY TREAT INFECTION AND NEUTROPENIA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

HOW OFTEN IS IV TUBING REPLACED

A

EVERY 72 HOURS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

WHAT ARE SOME COMPLICATIONS OF IV THERAPY

A

SKIN INTEGRITY CAN BE COMPROMISED, PHLEBITIS, THROMBUS FORMATION

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

WHAT IS A MEDICATION LOCK

A

SEALED CHAMBER THAT ALLOWS INTERMITTENT ACCESS TO A VEIN. USED WHEN THE CLIENT NO LONGER NEEDS CONTINUOUS INFUSION, NEEDS INTERMITTENT IV MEDICATION OR NEEDS EMERGENCY IV FLUIDS OR MEDICATION

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

WHAT IS TPN

A

TOTAL PARENTERAL NUTRITION

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

THE COMPOSITION OF TPN SOLUTION IS WHAT

A

INDIVIDUALIZED ACCORDING TO THE CLIENT’S NUTRITIONAL REQUIREMENTS AND MEDICAL CONDITIONS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

WHAT ARE LIPIDS

A

ORGANIC COMPOUNDS THAT ARE FATTY ACIDS OR THEIR DERIVATIVES AND ARE INSOLUBLE IN WATER BUT SOLUBLE IN ORGANIC SOLVENTS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

WHAT BLOOD TYPE IS UNIVERSAL DONOR

A

0

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

WHAT BLOOD IS UNIVERSAL RECIPIENT

A

AB

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

WHERE IS THE WATER IN INTRACELLULAR FLUID

A

WITH IN CELLS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

WHERE IS THE WATER IN EXTRACELLULAR FLUID

A

REST OUTSIDE THE CELLS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

WHERE IS THE WATER IN INTERSTITIAL FLUID

A

BETWEEN CELLS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

INTRAVASCULAR FLUID

A

IN THE PLASMA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

WHAT IS THE AVERAGE AMOUNT OF ORAL FLUID INTAKE FOR AN ADULT

A

2500 mL/ DAY. RANGE 1900 AND 300 mL/DAY

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

WHAT ARE SOME OTHER WAYS OUR BODY LOSES FLUID

A

BOWEL ELIMINATION, PERSPIRATION AND BREATHING

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
WHAT IS OSMOSIS
THE MOVEMENT OF WATER THROUGH A SEMIPERMEABLE MEMBRANE ONE THAT ALLOWS SOME BUT NOT ALL SUBSTANCES IN A SOLUTION TO PASS THROUGH FROM A DILUTED AREA TO A MORE CONCENTRATED AREA
26
DEFINE FILTRATION
PROMOTE THE MOVEMENT OF FLUID AND SOME DISSOLVED SUBSTANCES THROUGH A SEMIPERMEABLE MEMBRANE ACCORDING TO PRESSURE DIFFERENCES
27
PASSIVE DIFFUSION
PHYSIOLOGICAL PROCESS BY WHICH DISSOLVED SUBSTANCES MORE FROM AN AREA OF HIGH CONCENTRATION TO AN AREA OF LOWER CONCENTRATION THROUGH A SEMIPERMEABLE MEMBRANE
28
FACILLITATED DIFFUSION
PROCESS WHICH CERTAIN DISSOLVED SUBSTANCES REQUIRE THE ASSISTANCE OF A CARRIER MOLECULE TO PASS FROM ONE SIDE OF A CELLULAR MEMBRANE TO THE OTHER
29
WHAT IS ADH
ANTI DIURETIC HORMONE, RELEASED BY THE POSTERIOR LOVE OF THE PITUITARY GLAND INHIBITS URINE FORMATION BY INCREASING REABSOPRTION OF WATER FROM THE DISTAL AND COLLECTING TUBULES IN THE NEPHRONS OF THE KIDNEY.
30
WHAT IS THE RENIN ANGIOTENSINS ALDOSTERONE SYSTEM
SERIES OF CHEMICAL RELEASED TO INCREASE BOTH BLOOD PRESSURE AND BLOOD VOLUME TRIGGERED BY THE JUXTAGLOMERULAR APPARATUS. A RING OF PRESSURE SENSING CELLS THAT SURROUND THE ARTERIOLES LEADING TO EACH GLOMERULUSIM .
31
WHAT IS HYPOVOLEMIA
LOW VOLUME OF EXTRA CELLULAR FLUID
32
WHAT IS HEMOCONCENTRATION
HIGH RATIO OF BLOOD COMPONENTS IN RELATION OF WATERY PLASMA, INCREASES THE POTENTIAL FOR BLOOD CLOTS AND URINARY STONES AND COMPROMISES THE KIDNEYS ABILITY TO EXCRETE NITROGEN WASTE
33
WHAT IS THE VERY FIRST SYMPTOM OF HYPOVOLEMIA
THIRST
34
WHAT IS HYPERVOLEMIA
FLUID VOLUME THAT EXCEEDS WHAT IS NORMAL FOR THE INTRAVASCULAR SPACE AND CAN POTENTIALLY COMPROMISE CARDIOPULMONARY FUNCTION RAISES BLOOD PRESSURE AND CAUSES THE HEART TO INCREASE IT FORCE OF CONTRACTION
35
WHAT ARE SOME ERALY SIGNS OF HYPERVOLEMIA
PITTING EDEMA, WEIGHT GAIN, ELEVATED BLOOD PRESSURE, INCREASED BREATHING EFFORT
36
WHAT IS THIRD-SPACING
THE TRANSLOCATION OF FLUID FROM THE INTRAVASCULAR INTERCELLULAR SPACE TO TISSUE COMPARTMENTS, WHERE IT BECOMES TRAPPED AND USELESS
37
WHAT WOULD THE NURSE EXPECT A PHYSICIAN TO ORDER FOR THIRD SPACING
IV FLUID THERAPY, IV MEDICATION ADMINISTRATION
38
WHAT IS ANOTHER TERM FOR ANASARCA/ BRAWNT EDEMA
GENERALIZED EDEMA
39
WHAT IS THE PRIMARY ROLE OF SODIUM
THE CHIEF ACTION IN EXTRA CELLULAR FLUID IS ESSENTIAL FOR MAINTAINING NORMAL NERVE AND MUSCLE ACTIVITY, REGULATING OSMOTIC PRESSURE AND PRESERVING ACID-BASE BALANCE
40
WHAT IS THE NORMAL RANGE FOR SODIUM
135 TO 145 mEq/L
41
hyponatremia can be caused by ?
PROFUSE DIAPHORESIS, EXCESSIVE INGESTION OF PLAIN WATER OR ADMINISTRATION OF NON ELECTROLYTE IV FLUIDS, PROFUSE DIERESIS, LOSS OF GI SECRETION AND ADDISON DISEASE
42
WHAT ARE SYMPTOMS YOU MIGHT SEE IN A PERSON WHO IS HYPONATREMIC
MENTAL CONFUSION, MUSCULAR WEAKNESS, ANOREXIA, RESTLESSNESS, ELEVATED BODY TEMPERATURE, TACHYCARDIA, NAUSEA, VOMITING AND PERSONALITY CHANGES
43
WHAT WOULD THE TREATMENT FOR SOMEONE WITH HYPONATREMIC BE
ORAL ADMINISTRATION OF SODIUM, ADMINISTRATION OF IV SOLUTIONS CONTAINING SODIUM CHLORIDE
44
HYPERNATREMIA CAN BE CAUSED BY
EXCESS SODIUM IN THE BLOOD, CAUSED BY PROFUSE WATERY DIARRHEA, EXCESSIVE SALT INTAKE WITHOUT SUFFICIENT WATER INTAKE
45
WHAT SYMPTOMS WOULD YOU SEE IN A PERSON WHI IS HYPERNATREMIC
THIRST, DRY STICKY MEMBRANES, DECREASED URINE OUTPUT, FEVER, A ROUGH DRY TONGUE, AND LETHARGY
46
TREATMENT OF HYPERNATREMIC WOULD BE
ORAL ADMINISTRATION OF PLAIN WATER OR IV ADMINISTRATION OF A HYPOTONIC SOLUTION
47
WHAT IS THE PRIMARY ROLE OF POTASSIUM
THE CHIEF ELECTROLYTE FOUND IN INTRACELLULAR FLUID, SOME FUNCTIONS INTRACELLULARLY AS SODIUM HAS EXTRA CELLULARLY
48
WHAT IS THE NORMAL RANGE OF POTASSIUM
3.5 TO 5.2 mEq/L
49
what patient conditions can lead to hypokalemia
large doses of corticosteroids, IV administration of insulin and glucose, loss of fluid from the GI tract
50
WHAT SYMPTOMS MIGHT YOU SEE IN A PERSON WHI IS HYPOKALEMIC
FATIGUE, WEAKNESS, ANOREXIA, NAUSEA, VOMITING, CARDIAC ARRHYTHMIAS, LEG CRAMPS, MUSCLE WEAKNESS, PARESTHESIAS
51
WHAT WOULD TREATMENT FOR HYPOKALEMIA INCLUDE
ELIMINATION OF THE CAUSE, ORAL INTAKE OF POTASSIUM RICH FOODS, PRESCRIBED POTASSIUM ORAL REPLACEMENT
52
HYPERKALEMIA CAN BE CAUSED BY
RENAL FAILURE, SEVERE BURNS, OVER USE OF POTASSIUM SUPPLEMENTS, SALT SUBSTITUTES OR SOME DIET SODAS
53
WHAT SYMPTOMS MIGHT YOU SEE IN A PERSON WHO IS HYPERKALEMIC
DIARRHEA, NAUSEA, MUSCLE WEAKNESS, PARESTHESIAS, CARDIAC ARRYTHMIAS
54
TREATMENT FOR HYPERKALEMIA WOULD INCLUDE
MILD HYPERKALEMIA IS TREATED BY DECREASING THE INTAKE OF POTASSIUM RICH FOODS OR DISCONTINUING ORAL POTASSIUM SUPPLEMENTS UNTIL LAB VALUES ARE NORMAL
55
MOST OF THE BODYS CALCIUM IS FOUND WHERE
BONES AND TEETH
56
WHAT IS CALCIUM NECESSARY FOR
BLOOD CLOTTING, SMOOTH SKELETAL AND CARDIAC MUSCLE FUNCTION AND TRANSMISSION OF NERVE IMPULSES
57
HYPOCALCEMIA CAN BE CAUSED BY
VITAMIN D DEFICIENCY, HYPOPARATHYROIDISM, SEVERE BURNS, ACUTE PANCREATITIS , CERTAIN DRUGS SUCH AS CORTICOSTEROIDS, RAPID ADMINISTRATION OF MULTIPLE UNITS OF BLOOD THAT CONTAIN AN ANTI-CALCIUM ADDITIVE,
58
WHAT MIGHT YOU SEE IN A PERSON WHO IS HYPOCALCEMIC
SPASMS OF THE FACIAL MUSCLES, CARPOPEDAL SPASMS, MENTAL CHANGES, LARYNGEAL SPASMS WITH AIRWAY OBSTRUCTION, TETANY, SEIZURES, BLEEDING AND CARDIAC ARRHYTHMIAS
59
TREATMENT FOR HYPOCALCEMIA
ADMINISTRATION OF ORAL AND VITAMIN D FOR MILD DEFICITS IV ADMINISTRATION
60
HYPERCALCEMIA CAN BE CAUSED BY
PARATHYROID GLAND OF CALCIUM SALT, DISEASE, HYPERPARATHYROIDISM, EXCESSIVE DOSES OF VITAMIN D, PROLONGED IMMOBILIZATION SOME CHEMOTHERAPEUTIC AGENTS
61
TREATMENT FOR HYPERCALCEMIA
INCREASING ORAL FLUID INTAKE AND LIMITING CALCIUM CONSUMPTION UNTILA LAB FINDINGS ARE NORMAL, ADMINISTERING ONE OR MORE IV SODIUM CHLORIDE SOLUTION AND A DIURETIC TO INCREASE CALCIUM EXCRETION IN THE URINE ORAL PHOSPHATE OF CALCITONIN
62
WHAT IS MAGNESIUM NECESSARY FOR
TRANSMISSION OF NERVE IMPULSES AND MUSCLE EXCITABILITY AND ACTIVATES SEVERAL ENZYME SYSTEMS, INCLUDING FUNCTIONING OF B VITAMINS AND USE OF POTASSIUM AND CALCIUM
63
WHERE IS MAGNESIUM FOUND
BONE CELLS AND SPECIALIZED CELLS OF THE HEART, LIVER, AND SKELETAL MUSCLES
64
HYPOMAGNESEMIA CAN BE CAUSED BY
CHRONIC ALCOHOLISM, DIABETIC KETOACIDOSIS, SEVERE RENAL DISEASE, SEVERE BURNS, SEVERE MALNUTRITION, PREGNANCY INDUCED, HYPOTENSION, INTESTINAL MALABSOPRTION SYNDROMES, EXCESSIVE DIURESIS
65
WHAT MIGHT YOU SEE IN A PERSON WHO IS HYPOMAGNESEMIC
TACHYCARDIA AND OTHER CARDIAC ARRHYTHMIAS, NEUROMUSCULAR IRRITABILITY, PARESTHESIAS OF THE EXTREMITIES, LEG AND FOOT CRAMPS, HYPERTENSION, MENTAL CHANGES, DYSPHASIA AND SEIZURES
66
TREATMENT FOR HYPOMAGNESEMIA
ADMINISTRATION OF ORAL PARENTERAL MAGNESIUM SALTS OR THE MAGNESIUM RICH FOODS TO THE DIET
67
HYPERMAGNESEMIA CAN BE CAUSED BY
RENAL FAILURE, ADDISON DISEASE, EXCESSIVE USE OF ANTACIDS OR LAXATIVES THAT CONTAIN MAGNESIUM AND HYPERPARATHYROIDISM
68
WHAT MIGHT YOU SEE IN A PERSON WHI IS HYPERMAGNESEMIC
FLUSHING, WARMTH, HYPOTENSION, LETHARGY, DROWSINESS, BRADYCARDIA, MUSCLE WEAKNESS, DEPRESSED RESPIRATION AND COMA
69
TREATMENT FOR HYPERMAGNESIMA INCLUDE
DECREASING ORAL MAGNESIUM INTAKE OR DISCONTINUING ADMINISTRATION OF PARENTERAL REPLACEMENT, IF SEVERE HEMODIALYSIS MAYBE NECESSARY
70
WHAT ARE THE TWO BODY SYSTEMS THAT ARE RESPONSIBLE FOR MAINTAINING ACID-BASE BALANCE
RENAL SYSTEM AND PULMONARY SYSTEM

Anatomy (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions