cardio vascular system study guide. Flashcards
define epicardium
outermost layer of the heart. it is thin, transparent layer composed of serous tissue and mesothelium
define myocardium
the second layer of the wall of the heart, its cells fibers are involuntary striated and branched. the tissue of this layer is arranged in interlacing bundles and is the layer responsible for contraction of the heart
define sulcus
a groove that separates the atria from the ventricles
define superior vena cava
receives blood from the upper parts of they body
define veins
have less elastic and smooth muscle than arteries but have more fibrous connective tissue. they also have internal valves to ensure blood flow in one direction
define heart
it is the pumping organ of the system. functions in the transportation of blood
define cords called the chordae tendinease
connects the pointed end of flaps or cusps to small conical projections called papillary
define bicuspid valve
found between the left atrium and the left ventricle. it is made of three cusps or faps
define inferior vena cava
receives blood from the lower parts of the body
define bundle of HIS
group of fibers that carry electrical impulses through the center of the heart
define coronary circulation
supplies the myocardium of the heart
define cerebral circulation
the blood circulatory route that supplies the brain with oxygen and nutrients and disposes of waste.
define lumen
the cavity or channel within a tube or tubular organ such as a blood vessel or the intestine
define capillaries
microscopic vessels made of simple squamous epithelial cells, on cell layer thick, called endothelium. they connect arterioles with venules. permits the exchange of nutrients and oxygen and was and carbon dioxide between the blood and the tissue cells of the body
define kidneys
right and left renal arteries go to the kidneys
define hepatic portal vein
a vein conveying blood to the liver from the spleen, stomach, pancreas, and intestines
define infarct
inadequate blood flow
define stenosis
a narrowed opening through the valves. meaning they must work harder in order to pump blood
define arrhythmia
any deviation from a normal heartbeat rhythm.
define murmur
an abnormal heart sound akin to fluttering or a humming sound like a gentle blowing. it is indicative of a heart abnormality such as stenosis of a heart valve
define angioplasty
the reconstruction of a diseased coronary artery by inserting a small balloon through the aorta and into a coronary artery.
define mediastinum
membranous partition between two body cavities or two parts of an organ, especially between the lungs
define valves
prevent blood from backflowing. the hart has two atrioventricular valves and two semilunar valves
