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Pathophysiology > Theory Test #3 Review > Flashcards

Theory Test #3 Review Flashcards

1
Q 
Which Epidermal cell contains granules of pigment?
A) Markell cells
B) Melanocytes
C) Langerhans
D) Keratinocytes
A

B) Melanocytes

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2
Q 
What forms a hard tissue?
A) Bone
B) Nerve
C) Muscle
D) Epithelial
A

A) Bone

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3
Q 
Which term classifies cutaneous receptors by type of sensation detected?
A) Nociceptors
B) Exteroceptors
C) Interoceptors
D) Visceroceptors
A

A) Nociceptors

A nociceptor is a type of receptor at the end of a sensory neuron’s axon that responds to damaging or potentially damaging stimuli by sending “possible threat” signals to the spinal cord and the brain.

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4
Q

Which statement about skin sensation is FALSE?
A) Touch sensation involves the entire body
B) The skin is the most active source of sensations in the body
C) Proprioceptors are cutaneous receptors
D) The intensity of the stimulus determines in part what we feel

A

C) Proprioceptors are cutaneous receptors

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5
Q 
Which sensory receptor is responsible for detecting deep pressure?
A) Merkel Discs
B) Meissner’s Corpuscles
C) Pacinian Corpuscles
D) Golgi Tendon Organs
A

C) Pacinian Corpuscles

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6
Q

Which statement about Bacteria and Viruses is True?
A) Only bacteria are capable of causing tissue damage
B) Both groups of microorganisms include pathogens
C) Only viruses activate human immune response
D) Both are obligate intracellular parasites

A

B) Both groups of microorganisms include pathogens

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7
Q 
Which agent of injury can reproduce and cause continued host cell injury
A) Chemical agents
B) Heat and Radiation
C) Bacteria and Viruses
D) Hypoxia and Ischemia
A

C) Bacteria and Viruses

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8
Q

An infectious disease is defined as a state in which ________
A) Host tissue sustains injury or damage
B) Parasites are multiplying in an organism
C) Invading organisms sustain their own needs
D) An organism lives on or in another organism

A

A) Host tissue sustains injury or damage

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9
Q

By definition, a parasite is ___________
A) A disease causing organism
B) The ability to cause disease
C) An organism that feeds on other organisms
D) A state in which organisms are multiplying

A

C) An organism that feeds on other organisms

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10
Q

What does NOT describe ways in which parasites harm host organisms?
A) Depletion of nutritional resources
B) Initiation of a symbiotic relationship
C) Can cause harmful immune responses
D) Release of toxins and harmful substances

A

B) Initiation of a symbiotic relationship

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11
Q 
What is NOT a human host response to the presence of pathogens?
A) Initiation of immune reactions
B) Increased phagocytosis
C) Onset of fever
D) Release of toxins
A

D) Release of toxins

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12
Q 
Which tissue is considered to be non-regenerative?
A) Epithelium
B) Cartilage
C) Osseous Tissue
D) Nerve Tissue
A

D) Nerve Tissue

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13
Q 
Which tissue is highly regenerative?
A) Cardiac muscle
B) Skeletal muscle
C) Cartilage
D) Osseous tissue
A

D) Osseous tissue

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14
Q

By definition, a vector is ________
A) An organism that transmits pathogens from one animal to another
B) A pathogen that enters a host, colonized a tissue and multiplies
C) A parasite that infests the cells of a host and causes harm’
D) An insect that injects blood from one animal into another

A

A) An organism that transmits pathogens from one animal to another

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15
Q 
Infections acquired in schools, the gym, an other public places are known as \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
A) Zoonoses
B) Nosocomial
C) Iatrogenic
D) Community Acquired
A

D) Community Acquired

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16
Q

Which statement describes the Convalescent stage in the course of an infectious disease?
A) The host experiences acute symptoms
B) The pathogen is eliminated
C) The pathogen initially multiplies in the body
D) The number of pathogens begins to decrease

A

D) The number of pathogens begins to decrease

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17
Q 
Which term regarding the time course of infectious disease is the period from the time of contact to the initial appearance of signs/symptoms?
A) Acute Stage
B) Prodromal Stage
C) Incubation Period
D) Convalescence Period
A

C) Incubation Period

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18
Q

Which statement about bacteria or viruses is TRUE?
A) Bacteria are always intracellular pathogens
B) Viruses infect cells but rarely cause disease
C) Bacteria can cause pathological tissue changes
D) Viruses are able to multiply outside the host cell

A

C) Bacteria can cause pathological tissue changes

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19
Q

Which statement describes a major difference between bacteria and viruses?
A) The ability of viruses to cause disease states
B) The ability of bacteria to multiply in the host
C) The inability of viruses to multiply outside the host cell
D) The inability of bacteria to cause pathological tissue changes

A

C) The inability of viruses to multiply outside the host cell

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20
Q 
What is often associated with contusions?
A) Lacerations
B) Bruises
C) Wheals
D) Hives
A

B) Bruises

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21
Q 
Which manifestation is common to allergic responses?
A) Lacerations
B) Bruises
C) Pustules
D) Hives
A

D) Hives

22
Q 
Which term is a flat primary skin lesion?
A) Papule
B) Nodule
C) Tumor
D) Macule
A

D) Macule

23
Q 
Which primary skin lesion is palpable, elevated and fluid filled?
A) Pustule
B) Macule
C) Nodule
D) Tumor
A

A) Pustule

24
Q

Which statement about skin conditions is TRUE?
A) One of the manifestations of skin conditions is eczema
B) Contagious skin infections are of concern to massage therapists
C) 1st degree burn do not heal well and result in extensive scarring
D) All skin conditions must be reported and the client referred to a physician

A

B) Contagious skin infections are of concern to massage therapists

25
Q

Which description is typical of second degree burns?
A) Skin appears red, but has no vesicles (blisters)
B) Tissue damage is superficial and confined to the epidermis
C) Extensive tissue damage to the skin and subcutaneous layer
D) Damage is to the dermis and epidermis of the skin

A

D) Damage is to the dermis and epidermis of the skin

26
Q 
What is a bacterial skin disorder?
A) Acne Vulgaris
B) Candidiasis
C) Impetigo
D) Verrucae
A

C) Impetigo

27
Q 
Which skin disorder do viral agents cause?
A) Impetigo
B) Verrucae
C) Eczema
D) Rosacea
A

B) Verrucae

28
Q 
Which group of infectious agents causes ringworm?
A) Virus
B) Fungus
C) Worms
D) Bacteria
A

B) Fungus

29
Q 
Which type of Tinea infects the skin of the hands?
A) Tinea manus
B) Tinea Capitis
C) Tinea Corporis
D) Tinea Ungulum
A

A) Tinea Manus

30
Q

Which statement about Psoriasis is TRUE?
A) It is an allergic response to the presence of harmless substances
B) It is due to an accelerated production of skin cells
C) It is a disorder affecting only young children and infants
D) It is a condition that is exacerbated by eating chocolate

A

B) it is due to an accelerated production of skin cells

31
Q 
What is classified as an inflammatory skin disorder?
A) Cold sores
B) Impetigo
C) Tinea
D) Acne
A

D) Acne

32
Q 
Which population is most likely to suffer from decubitus ulcers?
A) Active elderly persons
B) Bed-ridden individuals
C) Young children
D) Athletes
A

B) Bed-ridden individuals

33
Q 
Over which area is a person most likely to develop a decubitus ulcer?
A) Zygomatic Arch
B) Medial Malleolus
C) Sacrum
D) ASIS
A

C) Sacrum

34
Q 
Which term means the replacement of one cell type by another?
A) Hyperplasia
B) Hypertrophy
C) Metaplasia
D) Dysplasia
A

C) Metaplasia

35
Q

Which statement describes Hyperplasia?
A) An Increase in the number of cells
B) An Increase in the size of cells
C) The death of individual cells or tissues
D) Cell death due to Ischemia and Hypoxia

A

A) An Increase in the number of cells

36
Q

Which statement about cell adaptations is TRUE?
A) Cell adaptation to changes in the environment is important to survival
B) Cells cannot survive under any unfavourable conditions
C) Cellular adaptations are a random response to stimuli
D) Cellular adaptations are uncontrolled processes

A

A) Cell adaptation to changes in the environment is important to survival

37
Q

Which statement about cellular reproduction is TRUE?
A) All cells are normally capable of proliferating
B) Cellular reproduction is not a well regulated process
C) The role of stem cells is to produce new cells
D) Proliferation is a process describing the specialization of cells

A

C) The role of stem cells is to produce new cells

38
Q 
Which statement about malignant neoplasms is FALSE?
A) They do not tend to metastasize
B) They tend to invade new cells
C) They cause extensive tissue damage
D) They contain undifferentiated cells
A

A) They do not tend to metastasize

39
Q 
What does the term “-oma” generally indicate?
A) Malignant
B) Tumour
C) Metastasized
D) Secondary
A

B) Tumour

40
Q

Which one of the following characteristics is common to ALL types of tumours?
A) A mass of cells confined to a single location
B) The tendency to invade neighbouring tissues
C) An encapsulated mass of cells
D) A loss of control over cell proliferation’s

A

D) A loss of control over cell proliferation’s

41
Q 
What is a key feature of neoplasm formation?
A) Metastasis
B) Malignancy
C) Anemia
D) Angiogenesis
A

D) Angiogenesis

- Creation of new blood capillaries

42
Q 
Which neoplasms is most likely to be metastatic?
A) Basal cell carcinoma
B) Malignant Melanoma
C) Squamous Cell Carcinoma
D) Nevi
A

B) Malignant Melanoma

43
Q

Which one of the following statements regarding hypothermia is TRUE?
A) Amnesia is a common manifestation of all forms of hypothermia
B) All forms should be treated by gradually raising body temperature
C) Hallucinations are a typical consequence of all forms of hypothermia
D) Severe hypothermia is easily overcome by body heat-gain mechanisms

A

B) All forms should be treated by gradually raising body temperature

44
Q 
Which hyperthermic condition involves sudden loss of consciousness?
A) Heat stroke
B) Heat cramps
C) Heat syncope
D) Heat exhaustion
A

C) Heat syncope

45
Q 
Which stage of fever is characterized by nonspecific complaints?
A) Chill
B) Prodrome
C) Deverfescent
D) Flush (plateau)
A

B) Prodrome

46
Q 
Which substances released during disease processes are responsible for causing fevers?
A) Prostaglandins
B) Inflammation
C) Pyrogens
D) Viruses
A

C) Pyrogens

47
Q 
Minor amounts of sweat (about 0.5 litres per day) are known as \_\_\_\_\_\_\_
A) Insensible evaporation
B) Sensible evaporation
C) Insensible perspiration
D) Sensible perspiration
A

C) Insensible perspiration

48
Q

Which statement about skin and Thermoregulation is FALSE?
A) Hydration is an important factor in regulating body temperature
B) Vasoconstriction of surface vessels is a major heat loss mechanism
C) Vasodilation of superficial vessels is an important heat loss mechanism
D) The skin contains about 5% of the body’s total volume of blood

A

B) Vasoconstriction of surface vessels is a major heat loss mechanism

49
Q

What is NOT a heat-gain mechanism?
A) Increased metabolism
B) Piloerector muscle contraction
C) Evaporation of sweat from body surfaces
D) Vasoconstriction of superficial blood vessels

A

C) Evaporation of sweat from body surfaces

50
Q

Which statement about body temperature is FALSE?
A) The hypothalmus facilitates the regulation of body temperature
B) Body temperature is largely mediated by the blood and blood vessels
C) Metabolic heat is the only contributor to changes in body temperature
D) Body temperature is the difference between heat production and loss

A

C) Metabolic heat is the only contributor to changes in body temperature

Pathophysiology (13 decks)

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