LP#5 - The Chemical Basis For Life Flashcards
What is Matter?
Anything that has mass and occupies space
What are States of Matter?
Matter can exist in Solid, Liquid or Gaseous forms
Example: Bone (solid), Blood (liquid), Air (gas)
What is Energy?
The ability of a system to do work or put matter into motion. Energy is categorized as either Kinetic (E in motion) or Potential (stored E)
What is Chemical Energy?
Stored in bonds of chemical substances
What is Electrical Energy?
Produced from the movement of charged particles
What is Mechanical Energy?
Energy used to move matter
What is Radiant Energy?
Energy that travels in waves
What are Atoms?
The basic unit of Matter
What are Elements?
Formed by Atoms. Elements are unique substances that cannot be broken down by ordinary chemical methods
What are Molecules?
Are two or more Atoms held together by chemical bonds. When 2 or more of the same element combine, a molecule of that element is formed. Ex. O2
When 2 or more different kinds of atoms combine, a compound is formed. Ex. H2O
What are Solvents?
Usually liquids that solutes dissolve in.
The body’s main solvent is water.
What are Solutes?
Substances that are dissolved in a solvent.
What are Solutions?
Homogenous mixtures that are usually transparent. Ex. Saline Solution
What are Colloids?
(Emulsions) Translucent heterogenous mixtures, which are similar to gels, Ex. Cytoplasm of the cell
What are Suspensions?
Heterogenous mixtures that contain large particles that settle out. Ex. Water+Sand, and Blood(suspended cells and in the fluid portion of blood/plasma)
What is the major difference between ions and atoms?
Atoms have a charge, Ions have either have a negative or positive charge
Which element is the backbone of all organic molecules?
Carbon
Which element is important to tissue oxygenation
Oxygen & Iron
Which element helps harden teeth and bones?
Calcium
Which Ion is the most abundant anion in the extracellular fluid?
Chlorine
Which 2 Ions are important for nerve signal conduction?
Sodium & Potassium
Compound (bones/teeth); Ion needed for various physiological processes, Ex. Muscle contraction
Calcium
Compounds with Ca to form bones; component of nuclei acids and ATP
Phosphorus
Major cation in cells; important for normal conduction of signals (nerves)
Potassium
Component of proteins (hair, muscles)
Sulphur
Major Ion in Extracellular Fluid; important for water balance, nerve conduction and muscle contraction
Sodium
Abundant anion in EC fluid
Chlorine
Important in various chemical reactions (enzyme co-factor)
Magnesium
Component of thyroid hormones
Iodine
Component of hemoglobin (Hb); needed to transport oxygen
Iron
