Path100 Theory Test #2 Flashcards
Which statement about cell membranes is FALSE?
A) Carrier proteins transport polar molecules, such as glucose, into the cell
B) Cell membranes are composed primarily of cholesterol
C) Phospholipids are hydrophilic at one end and hydrophobic at the other
D) Polar water molecules easily diffuse through the cell membrane
B) Cell membranes are composed primarily of cholesterol
Which type of cell junctions limit the movement of substances into and out of the cell? A) Gap junctions B) Desmosomes C) Ion channels D) Tight junctions
D) Tight junctions
Which statement about cell reproduction is FALSE?
A) Mitosis produces two identical daughter cells
B) In mitosis, there is no replication of chromosomes
C) Meiosis produces sex cells for propagation
D) Mitosis produces body cells for growth and repair
B) In Mitosis, there is no replication of chromosomes
A hypotonic interstitial fluid, is one in which the concentration of substances ________.
A) Outside the cell is higher than outside the cell
B) Inside the cell is identical to the one outside the cell
C) Inside the cell is lower than outside the cell
D) Outside the cell is lower than inside the cell
D) Outside the cell is lower than inside the cell
When the extracellular fluid is hypertonic relative to the interstitial fluid, what will occur? A) No noticeable change B) The cells will swell C) The cells will gain water D) The cells will shrink
D) The cells will shrink
Which mode of transport describes the movement of water? A) Phagocytosis B) Solute pumping C) Osmosis D) Diffusion
C) Osmosis
Which form of transport requires hydrostatic pressure to move water from one side of the membrane to the other? A) Pinocytosis B) Filtration C) Diffusion D) Osmosis
B) Filtration
What function does phagocytosis serve?
A) Maintenance of the the resting membrane
B) Secretion of substances from the cell
C) Removal of bacteria and cellular debris
D) Transport of proteins into the cell
C) Removal of bacteria and cellular debris
Which statement describes facilitated diffusion? The movement of substances __________.
A) From an area of high to an area of low substance concentration
B) Through a selective membrane, requiring energy
C) From an area of low to an area of high substance concentration
D) Down their concentration gradient mediated by specific membrane carriers
D) Down their concentration gradient mediated by specific membrane carriers
Which one of the following fluids is abundant in the tissue spaces? A) Blood plasma B) Cytoplasm C) Interstitial fluid D) Cerebrospinal fluid
C) Interstitial fluid
Which fluid is NOT part of the internal environment? A) Interstitial B) Cytoplasm C) Cerebrospinal D) Blood plasma
B) Cytoplasm
Which statement about neutral fats is TRUE?
A) They form a lipid bilayer with their tails directed into the cell
B) They are hydrophobic molecules that do not dissolve in water
C) They are an important stabilizing component of the cell membrane
D) They form both hydrophobic and hydrophilic interactions
B) They are hydrophobic molecules that do not dissolve in water
Which fluid is found within joints? A) Lymphatic fluid B) Intra-articular fluid C) Arthrotic fluid D) Synovial fluid
D) Synovial fluid
Which statement about lysosomes is TRUE?
A) Lysosomes are not engaged in the normal functioning of cells
B) Lysosomes store substances for future metabolic use
C) Hydrolytic enzymes released by lysosomes only digest foreign substances
D) Hydrolytic enzymes released by lysosomes can catabolize various substances
D) Hydrolytic enzymes released by lysosomes can catabolize various substances
Which term does NOT refer to the fluid inside the cell? A) Cytosol B) Interstitial fluid C) Intracellular fluid D) Cytoplasm
B) Interstitial fluid
Which substance is abundant in all the fluid compartments of the body? A) Sodium ions B) Protein C) Potassium ions D) Water
D) Water
Which statement describes a variable?
A) It is a factor that changes and can be regulated
B) It is a specific control mechanism
C) It is a body response to a stimulus
D) It is a factor controlled by the nervous system
A) It is a factor that changes and can be regulated
Which statement about the health of body tissues and cells is TRUE?
A) Energy production is required for very few functions
B) Waste and toxin removal are not critical to the viability of all cells
C) Cell structure can change without affecting cell function
D) Nutrients and oxygen are needed to maintain tissue health
D) Nutrients and oxygen are needed to maintain tissue health
Which statement about host response to injury is FALSE?
A) Inflammation is a common response to injury
B) Hydrolytic enzymes in secondary lysosomes are active
C) There are very few causes of injury
D) Irreversible injury results in cell death
C) There are very few causes of injury
Which tissue type lines body cavities? A) Muscle B) Nerve C) Epithelial D) Bone
C) Epithelial
Resiliency and resistance to compression are typical of which connective tissue type? A) Elastic B) Adipose C) Cartilage D) Blood
C) Cartilage
Which substance is NOT a constituent of the extracellular matrix of Connective tissue? A) Collagen fibres B) Fluid C) Red blood cells D) Proteoglycans
C) Red blood cells
Which nonspecific response to injury involves digestion of particles within the cell? A) Vasodilation B) Fever C) Chemotaxis D) Phagocytosis
D) Phagocytosis
Which agent is biological in nature? A) Electrical forces B) High temperatures C) Fungal infections D) Hydrochloric acid
C) Fungal infections
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ is an injury due to a violent blow, or external force. A) Contusion B) Trauma C) Hematoma D) Laceration
B) Trauma
Hypoxia is a condition describing _________.
A) A decrease in oxygen supply to tissues
B) Tissue deterioration due to trauma
C) An inflammatory response to cellular injury
D) A local decrease in blood flow
A) A decrease in oxygen supply to tissues
A large area of local hemorrhage describes which type of soft tissue injury? A) Laceration B) Contusion C) Bruise D) Hematoma
D) Hematoma
Ischemia is ________.
A) A decrease in oxygen supply to tissues
B) A local decrease in blood flow
C) Tissue deterioration due to trauma
D) A systemic response to cellular injury
B) A local decrease in blood flow
What is most likely to lead to a local decrease range in motion? A) Interferon B) Hemostasis C) Inflammation D) Phagocytosis
C) Inflammation
What is an immediate response to vascular injury? A) Fever B) Phagocytosis C) Complement activation D) Hemostasis
D) Hemostasis
What is responsible for fluid leaking out of capillaries following an injury? A) Phagocytosis B) Edema C) Vasodilation D) Hyperemia
C) Vasodilation
Inflammation is a part of which nonspecific line of defence? A) Second B) Third C) First D) Forth
A) Second
Which event initiates the inflammatory response? A) Histamine release B) Permeability changes C) Exudation D) Vasodilation
A) Histamine release
Which type of plasma protein is produced by lymphocytes? A) Thromboplastin B) Immunoglobins C) Albumin D) Fibrinogen
B) Immunoglobins
Which statement about healing by second intention is FALSE?
A) It results in the loss of functional tissue
B) It is characterized by replacement of permanent cells
C) It is characterized by fibrosis and scar tissue formation
D) It results in regeneration with little loss of tissue
D) It results in regeneration with little loss of tissue
Which statement describes necrosis?
A) It is the cellular division due to tissue hypertrophy
B) It is an abnormal increase in the number of cells
C) It is an abnormal decrease in the size of cells
D) It is the death of individual cells or tissue
D) It is the death of individual cells or tissue
The vascular and cellular stages are characteristic of phase of inflammation? A) Inflammatory B) Remodeling C) Extracellular D) Proliferative
A) Inflammatory
Which factor enhances orderly scar tissue formation? A) Malnutrition B) Vitamin C C) Foreign bodies D) Infections
B) Vitamin C
Which term indicates the narrowing of blood vessels? A) Hyperemia B) Vasodilation C) Inflammation D) Vasoconstriction
D) Vasoconstriction
The initial exudate secreted post-injury, which contains little protein, is\_\_? A) Serous exudate B) Purulent exudate C) Fibrinous exudate D) Hemorrhagic exudate
A) Serous exudate
Which statement describes a dislocation?
A) An injury to Ligament our structures that support a joint
B) Displacement and loss of articulation of bone ends within a joint capsule
C) A partial separation in which bone ends are still in contact with each other
D) A stretching injury to a muscle or the musculotendinous unit
B) Displacement and loss of articulation of bone ends within a joint capsule
What is NOT characteristic of the chronic inflammatory responses? A) Scar tissue formation B) Long-term C) Fibroblast proliferation D) Vascular response
D) Vascular response
Which statement about lymphatic return is FALSE?
A) Inflammation increases the work load of the Lymphatic system
B) Skeletal muscle contraction assists in propelling lymph toward the heart
C) Special adaptations of lymphatic vessels enhance fluid return
D) Decreased interstitial pressure opens the ‘flaps’ of the lymphatic vessels
D) Decreased interstitial pressure opens the ‘flaps’ of the Lymphatic vessels
Which force is responsible for water filtration out of blood capillaries?
A) Low osmotic pressure of the interstitial fluid
B) High interstitial fluid hydrostatic pressure
C) High hydrostatic pressure in the blood capillaries
D) High osmotic pressure of the blood
C) High hydrostatic pressure in the blood capillaries
Which term means a local swelling of tissue due to the accumulation of interstitial fluid? A) Tumour B) Anascara C) Inflammation D) Edema
D) Edema
Which statement about non-pitting edema is TRUE?
A) It is an accumulation of a fibrinous exudate
B) It is an accumulation of a serous exudate
C) It is usually associated with systemic conditions
D) The tissue feels boggy to the touch
B) It is an accumulation of a serous exudate
What is an unlikely cause of dehydration? A) Increased water intake B) Excessive sweating C) Heavy bleeding D) Profuse vomiting
A) Increased water intake
Edema occurs when _______?
A) Blood capillary pressure decreases
B) Capillary membrane permeability increases
C) Blood plasma protein levels increase
D) Capillary hydrostatic pressure is reduced
B) Capillary membrane permeability increases
Which condition is most likely accompanied by local edema? A) Joint inflammation B) Pregnancy C) Congestive heart failure D) Kidney dysfunction
A) Joint inflammation
