THEORY TEST #2 Flashcards
Which statement about the nervous system is FALSE?
A) It is a System highly resistant to change
B) It responds and adapts to changes in the environment
C) It forms a continuous and dynamic tissue
D) It integrates information and responds to changes
A) It is a System highly resistant to change
Which connective tissue layer encases a single neuron? A) Perineurium B) Endoneurium C) Epineurium D) Mesoneurium
B) Endoneurium
Which statement best describes the functions of the peripheral nervous system?
A) It integrates sensory and motor impulses facilitating body functions
B) It facilitates many body functions by integrating sensory impulses
C) It carries nerve impulses to the CNS and to effectors
D) It processes afferent impulses and responds via motor signals
C) It carries nerve impulses to the CNS and to effectors
Autonomic functions are mediated by action of which nervous system division? A) Sensory and motor B) Somatic and sympathetic C) Somatic and parasympathetic D) Parasympathetic and sympathetic
D) Parasympathetic and sympathetic
Which cell is associated with myelination in the PNS? A) Astrocytes B) Schwann cells C) Oligodendrocytes D) Ependymal cells
B) Schwann cells
Which ion is crucial for the release of neurotransmitter molecules at the pre-synaptic membrane? A) Na+ B) K+ C) Ca++ D) Cl-
C) Ca++
Which statement about graded potentials is FALSE?
A) They can summate to generate action potentials
B) They are self-propagating and act over long distances
C) They are short lived local changes in membrane potential
D) They are changes in potential that can be inhibitory or excitatory
B) They are self-propagating and act over long distances
Which statement about myelinated axons is TRUE?
A) Action potentials are initiated along the entire length of the neuron
B) Voltage-gated channels are found only at axon terminals
C) Myelination decreases the rate of Salvatore conduction
D) Myelination allows for the rapid transmission of nerve impulses
D) Myelination allows for the rapid transmission of nerve impulses
Which event is typical of neurotransmission?
A) Calcium ions are pumped into the axon terminal
B) Nuerotransmitter molecules bind to pre-synaptic membrane
C) Neurotransmitter molecules diffuse across the synaptic cleft
D) It always results in initiation and propagation of action potentials
C) Neurotrasnmitter molecules diffuse across the synaptic cleft
Which event leads to the generation of excitatory post-synaptic potentials? A) Closing of Na+1 channels B) Closing of K+1 channels C) Opening of Cl-1 channels D) Opening of Na+1 channels
D) Opening of Na+1 channels
Which statement describes adaptation in sensory receptors?
A) Does not generate actions potentials when a stimulus is initially applied
B) Keeps generating action potentials despite removal of the stimulus
C) Stops generating action potentials once the stimulus has been removed
D) Stops generating action potentials despite continued presence of the stimulus
D) Stops generating action potentials despite continued presence of the stimulus
Voltage-gated channels respond to A) Neurotransmitters B) Membrane distortions C) Hormonal stimuli D) Electrical signals
D) Electrical signals
The ectoderm gives rise to which of the following tissues? A) Connective and nervous B) Connective and muscle C) Nervous and epithelial D) Nervous and muscle
C) Nervous and epithelial
Which statement describes a converging neuronal circuit?
A) It is one pre-synaptic neuron synapses on several postsynaptic neurons
B) It is several pre-synaptic neurons synapse on one post-synaptic neuron
C) It is common in reflexive pathways and allows for repetitious movement
D) It is associated with controlling activities such as the sleep-wake cycle
B) It is several pre-synaptic neurons synapse on one post-synaptic neuron
Pacinian corpuscles in the skin provide information about which sensory modality? A) Tendon stretch B) Pain and temperature C) Deep pressure and stretch D) Balance and body position
C) Deep pressure and stretch
Which sensory receptor does NOT transmit proprioceptive signals to the brain? A) Ruffini’s corpuscles B) Muscle spindles C) Joint kinesthetic receptors D) Meissner’s corpuscles
D) Meissner’s corpuscles
Which type of signal is transmitted along 1st order neurons? A) Sensory to the spinal cord B) Motor to pyramidal cells C) Sensory to the brain D) Motor to muscles
A) Sensory to the spinal cord
Which tract does not decussate at the medulla oblongata A) Fasciculus cuneatus B) Lateral Corticospinal C) Lateral spinothalamic D) Fasciculus Gracilis
C) Lateral spinothalamic
Which term describes a lack of sensation A) Anaesthesia B) Somesthesia C) Kinaesthsia D) Brandykineasia
A) Anaesthesia
The Fasciculi Gracilis and cunneatus transmit nerve signals associated with which sensory modality? A) Discriminative touch B) Pain and temperature C) Gross motor coordination D) Regulation of vital signs
A) Discriminative touch
Which area of the brain enables us to identify objects without looking at them? A) Primary motor cortex B) Premotor cortex C) Primary somatosensory D) Somatosensory association
D) Somatosensory association
Damage to which sensory area of the cerebral cortex results in functional blindness? A) Vestibular cortex B) Primary visual area C) Gustatory cortex D) Wernicke’s area
B) Primary visual area
Which statement about the thalamus syndrome is FALSE?
A) It is a condition due to an infarct leading to tissue necrosis
B) It is manifested by motor dysfunction limited to one side of the body
C) It is manifested by a loss of sensation on one side of the body
D) It is accompanied occasionally by hypersensitivity to heat and cold
B) It is manifested by motor dysfunction limited to one side of the body
Which statement describes somatotophy
A) Mapping of regions of the body in CNS structures
B) Contralateral manifestations due to cortical injury
C) Functional specialization of hemispheric activity
D) Cerebral dominance in reflexive behaviours
A) Mapping of regions of the body in CNS structures
Which level of neuronal integration is associated with the spinal cord A) Circuit B) Programs C) Segmental D) Projection
A) Circuit
Which area does the medulla oblongata regulate? A) Pain discrimination B) Balance and muscle tone C) Gross Motor coordination D) Vital functions
D) Vital functions
Which area of the brain is primarily responsible for activating fascial muscles concerned with speech? A) Brocca’s B) Gnostic C) Wernicke’s D) Brodmanns
A) Brocca’s
Which brain center is NOT active in controlling body movement? A) Cerebral cortex B) Hypothalamus C) Basal Nuclei D) Cerebellum
B) Hypothalamus
Which statement about damage to the motor cortex is TRUE?
A) Damage to the motor cortex rarely results in paralysis of large muscles
B) Specific muscles paralyzed due to cortical injury depend on the site of injury
C) Lesions result in hemiplegia of the ipsilateral side
D) Posterior primary cortex lesions lead to paresis of distal extensor muscles
B) Specific muscles paralyzed due to cortical injury depend on the site of injury
The basal nuclei are instrumental in regulating \_\_\_\_\_\_\_ A) Pain discrimination B) Balance and muscle tone C) Motor coordination D) Vital functions
C) Motor coordination
In which area do upper motor neurons synapse on lower motor neurons?
A) Lateral Corticospinal tracts
B) Dorsal horns of spinal cord segments
C) Anterior horns of spinal cord segments
D) Nerve roots entering the anterior horns
C) Anterior horns of spinal cord segments
Which statement about levels of reflex action is TRUE?
A) Segmental Level circuits are associated with several spinal cord segments
B) Intersegmental levels include spinal cord segments and the brain
C) Segmental level reflexes elicit limited motor responses
D) Suprasegmental responses involve hypothalamus
C) Segmental level reflexes elicit limited motor responses
Which state is a result of the destruction of lower motor neurons? A) Flaccid paralysis B) Spastic paralysis C) Hyperthesia D) Fasciculations
A) Flaccid paralysis
