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Sociology > Theory & Methods > Flashcards

Theory & Methods Flashcards

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Sociology 101 flashcards
1
Q

UK Census

A

Questionnaire
- 10 yearly questionnaire completed online / post on the whole UK population.
- Source of official statistics.

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2
Q

Young + Willmott

A

Structured Interview
- Researched extended family.
- Formal and standardised.

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3
Q

CSEW

A

Survey
- Victim survey.
- Sample size of 50 000,
- Uncovers crimes not reported to the police.

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4
Q

Archer

A

Interview
- Yr10 + 11 students from w/c backgrounds + a broad range of ethnicity.

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5
Q

Willis

A

Unstructured Group Interview, Participant Observation
- Research of lads + schooling.

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6
Q

Venkatesh

A

Observation, Interview
- Interviewed people at all levels.
- Participated in the life on the gang.
- Become ‘gang leader for a day’.

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7
Q

Patrick

A

Covert Observation
- Joined Glasgow gang through connections.
- Nearly blew his cover.

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8
Q

Thomas + Znaniecki

A

Secondary Data: Personal Documents
- Studied letters from Polish migrants to America.
- Interactionalists: interested in meanings.

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9
Q

Rosenthal + Jacobson

A

Experiment
- Studied teacher’s expectations through fake IQ test results to see the effect on pupil performance.
- Interactionism: what people believe to be true will have true effects.

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10
Q

Weber (Social Action)

A

Verstehen - walking in someone else’s shoes.
- Rich, valid data can be acquired through participant observation + unstructured interviews…
- Used case study (secondary data) on Calvinists, giving him a detailed insight.

  • Structural cause - social institutions.
  • Subjective meaning - people’s interpretation of structures.
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11
Q

Durkheim (F)

A
  • Official statistics are ‘social facts’ - true + objective measures of the real date of crime, suicide, etc.
  • Positivist: sociology as a science - discover the causes of behavioural patterns / social problems that stats reveal + provide solutions - improve society.
  • Sociologists can discover laws that determine how society works.
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12
Q

Parsons (F)

A
  • Organic analogy - function of each part of society helps to meet the needs of the system.
  • Integrated into society through socialisation + social control.
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13
Q

Marx (M)

A
  • Bourgeoisie exploit the labour of the proletariat through ideology + hegemony.
  • Revolution for communist society.
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14
Q

Gramsci (M)

A
  • People have free will so socialism will occur when people become conscious + overthrow capitalism.
  • Encourages political action.
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15
Q

Althusser (M)

A
  • Individuals are passive puppets.
  • Controlled by ideological + repressive state apparatus.
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16
Q

Oakley (F)

A

Distinguished between sex + gender.
- Sex - biological differences.
- Gender - socially constructed ideas about roles + identities.

17
Q

Firestone (F)

A
  • Patriarchy due to women’s biological capacity to bear + care for infants.
  • Dependent on men.
18
Q

Walby (F)

A
  • Dual systems feminist.
  • Capitalism + patriarchy are interrelated.
  • E.g. cheap female labour.
19
Q

Cooley (Symbolic Interactionism)

A
  • Self-concept - ability to take the role of the other.
  • Looking-glass - we become what others see us as.
20
Q

Goffman (Symbolic Interactionism)

A
  • Dramaturgical approach - construct ourselves by manipulating people’s impression of us.
  • E.g. props, language.
21
Q

Giddens (LM)

A
  • Rapid change is a characteristic of late modernity.
  • Disembbedding + reflexivity.
  • Structure + Action co-exist.
22
Q

Popper

A
  • Falsification.
  • Sociology is unscientific + can’t necessarily be proved false.
23
Q

Garfinkel

A
  • Ethnomethodology.
  • Indexicality - nothing has a fixed meaning + everything is dependent on context.
24
Q

Comte

A
  • Positivist.
  • Sociology discovers truth about how society works.
  • Scientific certainty on what is best for society.
25
Q

Gouldner

A

Research is influenced by values:
- Choice of methods, perspectives, topics.

26
Q

Becker

A
  • Interactionalists - reveal meanings.
  • Take the side of the underdog.
27
Q

Murray (NR)

A
  • New Right: role of sociologist is to propose policies that promote individual choice.
  • Policies like universal welfare benefits act as ‘perverse incentives’ that encourage a dependency culture.
28
Q

Mayo

A
  • People worked harder under surveillance.
  • Hawthorne effect.

Sociology (10 decks)

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