theory lectures

Question 1

Process Business Model

Answer 1

every department, at different levels, can have information flows with other departments.

Question 2

Richard Stallman

Answer 2

one of the guru’s of open source.

Question 3

Give Me Credit licenses

Answer 3

indicate that credit needs to be given when the software is used. if you improve a software you need to give credit to the original creator but you can commercialise it.

Question 4

Give Me Everything licenses

Answer 4

cannot be commercialised. credit needs to be given for everything.

Question 5

Open.Office

Answer 5

a project with the aim to reduce Office’s dominant market share.

Question 6

Linux/Ubuntu

Answer 6

a term given to several operating systems using the Linux code as a foundation.

Question 7

prototyping

Answer 7

creating prototypes of software applications, ie. incomplete versions of the software program being developed. a prototype simulates only a few aspects and may be different from the final product.

Question 8

Incremental Build model

Answer 8

the model is designed, implemented, and tested incrementally, meaning a little more is added each time. it is finished when it satisfies all requirements. it combines elements of the waterfall and the iterative philosophy of prototyping.

Question 9

iterative and incremental development

Answer 9

any combination of both the iterative design and incremental build model. this can be illustrated in a loop. you can go back through the loop.

Question 10

spiral model

Answer 10

it combines features of prototyping and the waterfall model. it is intended for large, expensive, and complicated projects. it has advantages of both top-down and bottom-up concepts. you start in the middle of the spiral and build outwards.

Question 11

Rational Unified Process (RUP)

Answer 11

an iterative software development process framework. RUP tried to make software development more structured. It is not a concrete prescriptive process but an adaptable framework, intended to be tailored by the development organisations. You are expected to select elements of the process that are appropriate.

Question 12

agile

Answer 12

a group of software development methods based on iterative and incremental development. it also focuses on working with the customer.

Question 13

Scrum

Answer 13

an iterative and incremental agile software development network. it is a flexible, holistic product development strategy. the development team works as an atomic unit, opposing the sequential approach. the idea is to have something to show your client after 2-4 weeks. they ask customers for “stories” when talking about what they want.

Question 14

product backlog

Answer 14

keeps track of what was done and what needs to be done.

Question 15

sprint backlog

Answer 15

tells you what needs to be done, but in a sprint. a sprint is a 2-to-4 week cycle.

Question 16

stand up meeting

Answer 16

usually the form a daily scrum meeting takes. the idea is to move away from the corporate idea of a meeting.

Question 17

burn down chart

Answer 17

a chart used to keep track of progress. it has total effort on the y-axis and time on the x-axis.

Question 18

burn up chart

Answer 18

a chart used to keep track of progress. it has story points on the y-axis and time on the x-axis. you can estimate how much time you might need to finish all the story points.

Question 19

Extreme programming (XP)

Answer 19

has aspects of Scrum. it improves software quality and responsiveness to changing customer requirements. it involves frequent “releases” in short development cycles and introduces checkpoints where new customer requirements can be adopted.

Question 20

pair programming

Answer 20

programming with two people.

Question 21

Test-driven development (IDD)

Answer 21

relies on the repetition of a very short development cycle. First, the developer writed an automated test case that defines a desired improvement or new function. then, produces the minimum amount of code to pass that test, and finally refactors the new code to acceptable standards.

Question 22

Database Management Software (DBMS)

Question 23

Structured Query Language (SQL)

Answer 23

a non-procedural language. SQL runs in DBMS. it can be embedded into Python and is used for a relational database.

Question 24

entity

Answer 24

a business object that represents a group, or a category of data. eg. customers, accounts, bank branch.

Question 25

entity-relationship model (E-R model)

Answer 25

a model of the real world with entities and relationships between entities. it is widely used for database design. every entity gets a table and has columns with attributes. the tables are related to each other and that relationship is held consistent with rules.

Question 26

cardinality

Answer 26

when the relationship is 1-to-1 or many-to-many.

Question 27

Entity Relationship Diagram (ERD)

Answer 27

shows how entities are related to one another in a diagram.

Question 28

junction table

Answer 28

a table with the relationship between different entities. it is only used for complex relationships, otherwise the primary key is added to the entity table.

Question 29

foreign key

Answer 29

when a primary key is added to an entity table.

Question 30

instance/record/tuple

Answer 30

a single, specific occurence of an entity.

Question 31

attribute

Answer 31

a sub-group of information within an entity.

Question 32

relationship

Answer 32

a link that relates to two entities that share one or more attributes.

Question 33

primary key

Answer 33

a unique identifier of records in a table. the values may be generated manually or automatically an can consist of more than one field (column).

Question 34

queries

Answer 34

search the database, fetch information, and display it. this is done using the keyword. they can be made more specific with more lines.

Question 35

data warehouse

Answer 35

refers to a database that is maintained separately from an organisation’s operational database. it is subject-oriented, integrated, time-variant, and non-volatile collection of data in support of management’s decision-making process. it is based on a multidimensional data model which views data in the form of a cube.

Question 36

on-line transaction (query) processing (OLTP)

Answer 36

a major task of traditional relational DBMS. day-to-day operations include purchasing, inventory, banking, etc.

Question 37

on-line analytical processing (OLAP)

Answer 37

a major task of the data warehouse system and includes data analysis and decision-making.

Question 38

data cube

Answer 38

allows data to be modeled and viewed in multiple dimensions. eg. a company can create a sales data warehouse with dimensions time, item, and location. it can have more dimensions.

Question 39

star schema

Answer 39

a schema with a fact table in the middle connected to a set of dimension tables. it contains a large central table and a set of smaller attendant tables, one for each dimension.

Question 40

snowflake schema

Answer 40

a refinement of a star schema where some dimensional hierarchy is further split (normalised) into a set of smaller dimensions, forming a shape similar to a snowflake. However, the snowflake structure can reduce the effectiveness of browsing, since more joins will be needed. It does make your data warehouse less complex.