sweigart chapter 2

Question 1

flow control statement

Answer 1

can decide which Phyton instructions to execute under which conditions. they directly correspond to the symbols in a flowchart.

Question 2

Boolean values

Question 3

comparison operators (relational operators)

Answer 3

compare two values and evaluate down to a single Boolean value.

Question 4

and operator

Answer 4

evaluates an expression to True if both Boolean values are True.

Question 5

or operator

Answer 5

evaluates an expression to True if either of the two Boolean values is True. if both are False, it evaluates to False.

Question 6

not operator

Answer 6

operates on only one Boolean value (or expression).

Question 7

condition

Answer 7

the same thing as an expression, but a more specific name in the context of flow control statements.

Question 8

blocks

Answer 8

phyton code can be grouped together in blocks. one can tell where a block begins and ends from the identation of the lines of code.

Question 9

clause

Answer 9

a block of code usually following a condition in flow control statements.

Question 10

program execution

Answer 10

a term for the current instruction being executed.

Question 11

if statement

Answer 11

the most common type of flow control statement. the block follow the if statement is the clause. if the statement condition is True the if statement’s clause will execute. the clause will be skipped if the condition is False.

Question 12

elif statement

Answer 12

an ‘else if’ statement that always follows an if or another elif statement. it provides another condition that is checked only if all of the previous conditions were False.

Question 13

while statement/while loop/loop

Answer 13

the code in a while clause will be executed as long as the while statement’s condition is True. the program execution jumps back to the start of the while statement at the end of the while clause. the condition is always checked at the start of each iteration.

Question 14

break statement

Answer 14

a shortcut to getting the program execution to break out of a while loop’s clause early. if the execution reaches a break statement, it immediately exits the while loop’s clause.

Question 15

continue statement

Answer 15

when the program execution reaches a continue statement, the program execution immediately jumps back to the start of the loop and re-evaluates the loop’s condition.

Question 16

for loop

Answer 16

can be used if you want to execute a block of code only a certain number of times. after executing the loop’s clause, the execution goes back to the top of the loop.

Question 17

range()

Answer 17

one of the functions that can be called with multiple arguments separated by a comma. this lets one change the integer passed to range() to follow any sequence of integers, including starting at a number other than zero.

Question 18

built-in functions

Answer 18

a basic set of functions that all Python programs can call, including print(), input(), and len().

Question 19

standard library

Answer 19

a set of modules that Python comes with.

Question 20

module

Answer 20

a Python program that contains a related group of functions that can be embedded in one’s programs.

Question 21

math module

Answer 21

mathematics-related functions.

Question 22

random module

Answer 22

random number-related functions.

Question 23

import statement

Answer 23

needed before a function in a module can be used. the module must be imported with an import statement.

Question 24

random.randint() function

Answer 24

evaluates to a random integer value between the two integers that pass it.

Question 25

sys.exit() function

Answer 25

used to terminate or exit the program. this function is from the sys module, so sus has to be imported.