Theorists Test Flashcards
according to Freud, this aspect of personality ensures that impulses can be expressed in a way that is acceptable in the real world
Ego
believed that personality develops through stages that included a psychological crisis. if the crisis was met in a positive way, the child develops maturity
Erikson
according to Maslow, people need a secure job to meet the need in this part of the hierarchy
safety
believed that nature was more important than nurture, was one of the first to develop research on milestones children should meet
Gesell
this theorist studied ecological systems theory which includes several environmental systems such as microsystem, mesosystem, exosystem, macrosystem, chronosystem
Bronfenbrenner
believes that children learn by modeling, so caregivers need to provide good examples; be good role models
Bandura
according to Maslow, people have respect of others to meet the need in this part of the hierarchy
esteem
according to Maslow, people need strong friendships to meet the need in this part of the heirarchy
love/belonging
according to Freud, this aspect of personality strives for immediate satisfaction of needs
Id
this theorist studied linguistics, has been called the father of modern linguistics
Chomsky
believes that children learn moral behavior by seeing their parents practice moral behavior
Coles
Believes that caregivers can give rewards and punishments as a way to influence a child’s behavior
Skinner
During this stage of Ericksons theory children gain a sense of personal control and independence
Autonomy versus shame and doubt
During this stage children are egocentric and beginning to use words and pictures to represent objects
Pre operational
This theorist often used animals to do demonstrate classical conditioning– if offering food makes a dog salivate, offering the food with the buzzer several times than removing the food and only sounding the buzzer will eventually make the dogs salivate
Pavlov
Freud believed that personality developed through these specific aspects
Id, ego, superego
Believed that children are natural learners that they should have real items that are their size to use in learning that they learn best by pursuing their interests
Montessori
The preoperational stage is during this age range
2-7 years
This theorists believe that moral reasoning goes through six stages of responding progressively to moral dilemmas
Kohlberg
Children learn best through their senses
Sensory table
According to maslow people are able to be creative problem-solvers, are free of prejudice in this part of the hierarchy
Self actualization
During this stage of Ericksons theory children begin asserting power and control over their environment which leads to a sense of purpose
Initiative vs guilt
Believed that children should be given learning tasks that match their stage of thinking
Piaget
The concrete operations stage is during this age range
7-11 years
During this stage children’s thinking becomes more logical and organized but is still very concrete they begin to learn the concept of conservation
Concrete operations
The sensorimotor stage is during this age range
Birth to 2
During this stage children can think abstractly and can reason about hypothetical problems
Formal operations
During this stage of Ericksons theory children learn to trust caregivers when they provide reliable care and affection
Trust versus mistrust
The formal operational stage is during this age range
11+
According to Freud this aspect of personality provides guidelines for making judgments our sense of right or wrong
Superego
According to Maslow people need to meet the need for hunger in this part of his hierarchy
Physiological
Believed that social interaction is important to cognitive development
Vygotsky
according to this theorist, if a lower level of need is not met, you cannot reach the next stage
Maslow
