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Sociology - Education > Theorists - Roles of Education > Flashcards

Theorists - Roles of Education Flashcards

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Sociology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Key Theorists - Bowles and Gintis (1976): Marxist View of Education

WHAT DID THEIR STUDY DO?

A
  • Look at the ideal Capitalist workforce and how school correspond to work in America.
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2
Q

Key Theorists - Bowles and Gintis (1976): Marxist View of Education

WHAT DO THEY ARGUE?

A
  • The ideal capitalist workforce is people with the attitudes, behaviour and personality traits to accept that they will have to work hard for low pay, and are being exploited.
  • The role of education is to reproduce the ideal capitalist workforce.
  • The meritocratic schooling system is a myth.
  • The proletariat are exploited to reduce the chances of a rebellion.
  • Education is a giant myth making machine.
  • There is a close link between school and work through the hidden curriculum, inequality of power (hierarchy) and alienating conditions (the fact that you do not always get to interact with the people you want to)
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3
Q

Key Theorist - Willis (1977): Marxist View of Education

WHAT IS WILLIS INTERESTED IN LOOKING AT?

A
  • What is behind people’s actions.
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4
Q

Key Theorist - Willis (1977): Marxist View of Education

WHAT STUDY DID WILLIS PERFORM?

A
  • Study called ‘the lads’ who were a group of working class lads who did not like school.
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5
Q

Key Theorists - Chubb and Moe 1990: New Right View of Education

WHAT EDUCATION SYSTEM DO THEY ARGUE HAS FAILED?

A
  • The American system
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6
Q

Key Theorists - Chubb and Moe 1990: New Right View of Education

WHY DO THEY ARGUE THE AMERICAN EDUCATION SYSTEM HAS FAILED?

A
  • Lower working class and ethnic minorities underachieve in the state sector.
  • Pupils don’t have the skills needed by economy.
  • Independent schools deliver higher quality education because they are answerable to their customers (unlike state schools).
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7
Q

Key Theorists - Chubb and Moe 1990: New Right View of Education

WHAT DID THEY PROPOSE AS A RESULT OF THE FAILURE OF THE EDUCATION SYSTEM?

A
  • We should end the current system whereby schools automatically receive guaranteed funding regardless of outcome.
  • Give parents a voucher to spend on buying education from a school of their choice.
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8
Q

Key Theorist – Althusser (1971): Marxist View of Education

WHAT DOES HE BELIEVE TO BE THE TWO ELEMENTS OF STATE CONTROL?

A
  • Ideological state apparatus.

- Repressive state apparatus.

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9
Q

Key Theorist – Althusser (1971): Marxist View of Education

WHAT IS THE IDEOLOGICAL STATE APPARATUS?

A
  • Institutions that have control over you (but not physically), such as the family and education.
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10
Q

Key Theorist – Althusser (1971): Marxist View of Education

WHAT IS THE REPRESSIVE STATE APPARATUS?

A
  • Institutions that have control over you physically such as the police and the military.
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11
Q

Key Theorist – Althusser (1971): Marxist View of Education

WHAT DOES THIS THEORY ARGUE?

A
  • That the education system reproduces class inequality which ensures that each generation of the working class will fail.
  • The government want the working class to fail.
  • Class inequality is unchallenged.
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12
Q

HOW CAN MARXIST THEORIES OF THE ROLE OF EDUCATION BE EVALUATED?

A
  • Postmodernists argue that Bowles and Gintis fail to look at the different types of jobs and what skills/workforce they require. Bowles and Gintis are looking at this too generally.
  • The ideas are deterministic.
  • Angela McRobbie is a feminist who argues that Marxist theories are gender bias (support men)
  • Morrow and Torres believe that Marxist ideas ignore diversity and inequality in areas outside of education such as not being able to have access to the books and resources needed to succeed in education.
  • MacDonald (1880) is a Feminist and argues that Marxists ignore the fact that schools reproduce patriarchy as well as Capitalism.
  • Marxists acknowledge material deprivation.
  • Marxists acknowledge we have an ethnocentric curriculum which focusses only on one culture.
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13
Q

KEY THEORIST - DURKHEIM: FUNCTIONALIST VIEW OF EDUCATION

What does he believe to be the two main functions of education?

A
  • promote social solidarity

- equip students with specialist skills

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14
Q

KEY THEORIST - DURKHEIM: FUNCTIONALIST VIEW OF EDUCATION

When did he come up with this theory?

A
  • 1903
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15
Q

KEY THEORIST - DURKHEIM: FUNCTIONALIST VIEW OF EDUCATION

What does he believe is a modern day example of how social solidarity is created within education?

A
  • The national curriculum - everyone learns the same content.
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16
Q

KEY THEORIST - DURKHEIM: FUNCTIONALIST VIEW OF EDUCATION

What does Durkheim argue social solidarity results in?

A

A society that is functional - people are aware of wider rules in society.

17
Q

KEY THEORIST - DURKHEIM: FUNCTIONALIST VIEW OF EDUCATION

What does he believe with regards to what society needs?

A
  • Society requires the workforce to have specialist skills for a specific industry. Specialist skills can be obtained through vocational education, which will benefit the individual and society.
18
Q

KEY THEORIST - DURKHEIM: FUNCTIONALIST VIEW OF EDUCATION

What are some of the criticisms of Durkheim?
Give at least two examples.

A

At least two from:

  • He assumes that society has a shared culture which can be transmitted through education.
  • Marxists would argue that educational institutions transmit the dominant culture of the ruling class.
  • Hargreaves (1982) argues the education fails to promote social solidarity.
19
Q

KEY THEORIST - PARSONS: FUNCTIONALIST VIEW OF EDUCATION?

When did Parsons come up with his theory?

A
  • 1961
20
Q

KEY THEORIST - PARSONS: FUNCTIONALIST VIEW OF EDUCATION?

What does he believe?

A
  • School is an important agent in society - acts as a bridge between the family and wider society.
  • The bridge is needed as the family and society operate on different principles, so children need to learn a new way of living in order to cope with the wider world.
  • School prepares students for the principles of universalistic values and achieved status.
21
Q

KEY THEORISTS - DAVIS AND MOORE: FUNCTIONALIST VIEW OF EDUCATION

What do they believe?

A
  • The role of education is to allocate pupils into a career which matches their abilities.
  • Education ensures that job roles are for-filled by the people that are most able to perform them.
  • We should offer high rewards for functionally important jobs that require high levels of skill.
22
Q

KEY THEORISTS - DAVIS AND MOORE: FUNCTIONALIST VIEW OF EDUCATION

How can this theory be evaluated?

A
  • To support this, Blau and Duncan believe that the education system will allow the most skilled people to be allocated into jobs.

Sociology - Education (12 decks)

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