Educational Policy Flashcards
1
Q
How do the New Right view educational policy?
A
- Have a negative view of the state and its educational policy.
- Believe that people are best left to meet their own needs through the free market.
2
Q
In relation to education, what is the role of the UK government, according to the New Right?
A
- Impose a basic framework in which schools have to operate - publishing Ofsted Reports, league tables and exam results.
- Ensure state schools transmit a shared culture via the national curriculum, which ensures pupils are socialised into a single heritage.
- Portray British history positively.
- Promote acts of Christian worship.
3
Q
How have the New Right influenced government policy?
A
- 1988 Education Reform Act
- Formula funding
- Free market principles introduced in education
- Creating competition for pupils
- Parental choice
- National curriculum, league tables and Ofsted reports.
4
Q
Who came up with the idea of creating academies?
A
The New Labour Party
5
Q
What do Marxists believe about education?
A
- It maintains Capitalist power as it is part of the superstructure.
- People are manipulated into the person the government wants them to be.
- It is a giant myth making machine.
6
Q
What educational policy was introduced in 1944?
A
- Education system started to be influenced by meritocracy.
- The Education Act introduced the tripartite system.
- Tripartite system aimed to reduce inequality but actually ended up creating it.
- Tripartite system - children were allocated into one of three types of secondary school depending on their 11+ result.
- Grammar schools - academic curriculum - access to non-manual jobs and higher education.
- Secondary modern schools - non-academic, practical curriculum - access to manual jobs for people who failed the 11+.
- Technical schools only existed in a few areas. In reality it was more of a bipartite system.
7
Q
What educational policy was introduced in 1965?
A
- Comprehensive system was introduced.
- Aimed to over class divide caused by tripartite system, and make education more meritocratic.
- 11+ was abolished
- Secondary modern schools were abolished and replaced with comprehensive schools for ALL pupils to attend.
- Local authority was left to decide whether or not to ‘go comprehensive’ - not all areas did so.
- Result - grammar-secondary modern divide still exists in many areas.
8
Q
What educational policy was introduced in the 1970s?
A
- Vocational courses were introduced - more manual job positions needing to be filled.
- Saw an increase in jobs such as electricians.
9
Q
What educational policy was in 1988?
A
- Policies to promote marketisation.
- Policies were aimed at raising standards.
- Business sponsorship of schools
- Open enrolment - more successful schools recruit more successful pupils.
- Formula funding - schools receive the same amount per pupil.
- Schools allowed to opt out of local authority control - become academies.
10
Q
What educational policies were introduced in 1997?
A
- Policies which emphasised standards, diversity and choice.
- Attempted to reduce inequality.
- Designated Education Action Zones - provided them with extra resources.
- Aim Higher Program - raise aspirations of group who are under represented in higher education.
- EMAs (Educational Maintenance Allowances) - payments to students from lower income families - encourage them to stay in education after 16 and gain better qualifications.
- National Literacy Strategy
- Literacy and Numeracy hour
- Reduced primary school class sizes
- Policies are a greater benefit to the disadvantaged pupils - help reduce inequality.
11
Q
What educational policies were introduced in 2000?
A
- Curriculum 2000 introduced.
- Revised A-level curriculum
- Modular GCSEs - students would take exams as the course progressed rather than at the end of the course.
- A-levels divided into 2 parts - AS and A2
12
Q
What educational policies were introduced in 2010?
A
- Conservative Liberal Democrat Coalition Government accelerated move away from comprehensive schools run by local authorities.
- Policies strongly influenced by New Right - reducing state role in provision of education.
- Schools encouraged to become academies
- Funding taken from local authority budgets - given to academies directly by central government.
- Academies given control over curriculum.
- Allowed all schools to become academies - removed the focus on reducing inequality.
13
Q
What current educational policies have been introduced?
A
- Revised A-level curriculum from 2016 onwards
- 9-1 GCSE grading
- More exams, less coursework
14
Q
Give at least three examples of educational policies that impact on class.
A
At least three from:
- Bursary fund - replaced the EMA in the 6th form.
- Free school meals
- Universities offering scholarships and bursaries.
- ‘Aim higher’
- University loans
- Pupil premium
- Compulsory education - prior to 1880 only the middle class accessed education.
- Academies in areas of deprivation
- Compensatory education - Sure Start, Excellence in Cities 1999.
- Introduction of AS/A-level - more resit opportunities allowed working class pupils a higher chance of passing.
15
Q
Give at least three examples of educational policies that impact on gender.
A
At least three from:
- Before 19th Century, girls were not educated
- In the tripartite system girls had to gain a higher score in the 11+.
- GIST and WISE - tried to reduce gender differences.
- National Curriculum - boys and girls studied mostly the same subjects.
