Theories of Psychology Flashcards

1
Q

Psychoanalysis

A

Rooted in the idea that if people develop insight, they will be able to change

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2
Q

Psychoanalytic Perspective

A

Freud proposed the unconscious mind
There are different states of consciousness (think how you dissociate when driving down a highway)
We are driven by desires to manage our id (pleasures/desires), superego (social rules), and ego (view of ourselves)

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3
Q

Learning Theory

A

The idea that behavior is determined by its outcome
We behave in a way that is dependent on what we know/think will happen based on our decisions

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4
Q

Evolutionary Psychology

A

Exploration of present day behavioral, cognitive, and emotional patterns, and if they are adaptive and instinctive due to longstanding roots in our species’ survival, mating, and reproduction

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5
Q

Operant Conditioning

A

Rewarding/aversive stimuli

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6
Q

Classical Conditioning

A

Pairing of things and how we learn through that; associations

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7
Q

Social Learning

A

Modeling / Listening

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8
Q

Biosocial Theory (Evolutions)

A

Thought and behavior can be inherited (spiders don’t have to learn how to make webs)
Genetic dispositions determine thought and behavior

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9
Q

Cognitive Psychology

A

Can explore ability to pay attention (attention control)
Many intelligence measures are stemming from cognitive psychology
Focuses on the brain, but mostly how we process information

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10
Q

Sociocultural Theory

A

Groups develop norms
Not necessarily conditioning, but we do see things like conformity, obedience
Not really adaptive (Tide pod challenge is not adaptive, we wear the same clothes for graduation even though there’s not a survival reason)
Not stable, as it is often easily changeable (fads)

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11
Q

Social-Cultural Theory

A

The group defines “normal” and “true”
“Normal” determines thought and behavior
Your normal is abnormal to most people, so you learn what other people’s normals are and compromise
The consequence of not meshing is often social rejection

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12
Q

Personality/Situationist (Social) Psychology

A

Individuals do not exist in a vacuum; behavior is influenced by both the individual’s and the environment’s unique qualities and how they relate to each other

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13
Q

Industrial/Organizational (IO) Psychology

A

Explores the behavior of employees in the workplace and how organizational environments, behaviors, and leaders influence employee behavior

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14
Q

Abnormal Psychology

A

How our bio/psycho/social experiences impact our functioning
How to treat and prevent psychological disorders

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15
Q

Cognitive Psychology

A

Information processing
Mind is treated like a computer (Senses generate input, behavior is output, Information is filtered and organized)

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16
Q

Brain/Computer Similarities

A

Both process information (perform tasks), store/retrieve information, and have short and long term storage

17
Q

Brain/Computer Differences (for now)

A

There are specific spots for data in computers, processes are independent in computers, human brains have plasticity and can learn new things, and human mental processing is biased

18
Q

Schemas

A

Cognitive structures representing ideas in the mind
Get activated when we think about things

19
Q

Types of Schemas

A

Concept (computers, college, relationships, chairs)
Specific person
Group (stereotypes)
Self-concept
Events
Procedure - Scripits

20
Q

Halo Effect

A

Positive traits influence overall impression of a person

21
Q

Problems with Schemas

A

Leads to thinking too quickly and shallowly
Heuristics & biases