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Theories of personality development Flashcards

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1
Q

Oedipal complex begins at:

A. 0-2 years
B. 2-4 years
C. 3-6 years
D. 7-10 years

A

C

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2
Q

The conflict during Middle Age (40-65) according to Erikson’s Stages:

A. Integrity vs Despair
B. Generativity vs. Stagnation
C. Intimacy vs Isolation
D. Industry vs Inferiority

A

B

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3
Q

Which are not paired correctly according to the Stages of the Life Cycle?

A. 3 to 6 years: Industry vs Inferiorty
B. Adolescence: Genital stage
C. Middle age: Generativity vs Stagnation
D. 0 to 1 years: Oral stage

A

A

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4
Q

The following statements are true during school age EXCEPT:

A. There is a period where the sexual drive of a child is presumed to be latent
B. Most important social problems of the child involve only the family
C. Upon entry to school, the child finds new roles.
D. Children start to have many friends and tend to group with the same gender

A

B

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5
Q

The following occurs during puberty EXCEPT:

A. Hormonal changes
B. Deepening of voice for males
C. Narrowing of hips and decrease in fat tissue for females
D. Development of pubic hair

A

C

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6
Q

The following statements are true about adolescence EXCEPT

A. Period of remarkable brain development
B. Significant synaptic pruning occurs
C. Myelination of nerve fibers is completed early during the
early phase of adolescence
D. The teenager is exposed to more complex social environments and has more oppotunities to form new relationships

A

C

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7
Q

The following problems are encountered during middle adulthood EXCEPT

A. Deciding what career path to take
B. Being caught between one’s children and one’s parents
C. Taking stock of one’s life and deciding on what to do with the rest of it
D. Missing children who have already left for college or are
already living far from home.

A

A

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8
Q

The following are issues met during Late Adulthood based on Erikson’s Stages EXCEPT:

A. Being concerned over one’s generativity
B. Having economic security amidst retirement
C. Having to retire amidst still being able to work
D. Dealing with death of friends and siblinds

A

A

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9
Q

The last stage of Erikson’s stages of personality development

A. Generativity vs Stagnation
B. Integrity vs Despair
C. Intimacy vs Isolation
D. Industry vs Inferiority

A

B

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10
Q

The role of this stage according to Erikson is to plan and carry out actions and get along well with peers as an
independent and autonomous person

A. Initiative vs Guilt
B. Identity vs Role confusion
C. Autonomy vs Shame and Doubt
D. Industry vs Inferiority

A

A

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11
Q

Characterized by the capacity for abstract thinking

A. Sensorimotor
B. Preoperational
C. Concrete operations
D. Formal Operations

A

D

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12
Q

At this stage, children see rules as fixed and absolute:

A. Obedience and punishment
B. Interpersonal concordance
C. Individual exchange
D. Social contract orientation

A

A

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13
Q

In this phase of separation-individuation, infant gets about on its own, first crawling and then moving freely, then
begins to explore actively becoming more independent of the mother. The infant experiences itself as one with the
mother.

A. Hatching
B. Practicing
C. Rapproachement
D. Symbiotic Phase

A

C

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14
Q

In Freud’s theory of the mind, which falls in the preconscious level?

A. Memories
B. Thoughts
C. Violent urges
D. Immoral acts

A

A

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15
Q

The moralistic part of personality that resides in the preconscious begins forming at:

A. 2 to 3 years
B. 4 to 5 years
C. 6 to 7 years
D. 8-9 years

A

B

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16
Q

Active effort of the ego to push threatening material out of
consciousness or to keep such material from ever reaching consciousness. The defense mechanism is:

A. Suppression
B. Repression
C. Sublimation
D. Displacement

A

B

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17
Q

Rose is excessively orderly, stubborn, and there was a traumatic toilet training. This is a result of fixation at what stage?

A. Oral stage
B. Phallic
C. Genital
D. Anal stage

A

D

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18
Q

Abi has fears of pursuing her goals and she is unable to make decisions. There is difficulty starting projects and she has low self-esteem, no confidence. According to Erikson this is a result of the disruption of:

A. Trust vs Mistrust
B. Autonomy vs Shame
C. Initiative vs Guilt
D. Industry vs Inferiority

A

C

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19
Q

In Adler, the first child is considered

A. Competitive
B. Pseudoparent, high achiever
C. Rebellious
D. Avent-garde

A

B

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20
Q

Which of the following theories focuses on the importance of the relationships with other people in defining personality?

A. Object relations
B. Piaget
C. Horney
D. Kohlberg

A

A

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21
Q

This occurs from the 5th month to the 36th month where children become psychologically separated from their
mother and it consists of 4 substages:

A. Autistic Phase
B. Symbiotic Phase
C. Separation-individuation
D. Latency stage

A

C

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22
Q

Child developed a constant inner representation of her mother and she could tolerate physical separation from
her. This shows:

A. Differentiation
B. Practicing
C. Reapproachement
D. Object constancy

A

D

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23
Q

According to Bowlby, next stage after despair is

A. Protest
B. Depression
C. Despair
D. Detachment

A

D

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24
Q

Thumb sucking of a child is part of which stage according to Piaget:

A. Stage 1
B. Stage 2
C. Stage 3
D. Stage 4

A

*

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25
Q

Piaget could divide things into sets and subsets and reason their interrelation. According to Piaget, this is the stage of:

A. Sensorimotor
B. Preoperational
C. Concrete operational
D. Formal operational

A

C

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26
Q

Nena could do abstract thinking. This stage according to Piaget is:

A. Sensorimotor
B. Preoperational
C. Concrete operational
D. Formal operational

A

D

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27
Q

At this stage, children account for individual points of view and judge actions based on they serve individual needs. Kohlberg describes this under which stage?

A. Stage 1
B. Stage 2
C. Stage 3
D. Stage 4

A

B

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28
Q

Kohlberg’s final level of moral reasoning is based on

A. Maintaining social order
B. Interpersonal concordance
C. Individualism and exchange
D. Universal ethical principles

A

D

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29
Q

Failure to resolve the crisis of Industry vs Inferiority leads to feelings of incompetence and inability to cope with new social situations. T/F

A

T

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30
Q

A 3-year old should be reprimanded for having a tea party with her imaginary companion to avoid the development of future psychopathology. T/F

A

F

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31
Q

One of the primary tasks of maturity (65 years and older) is the need to create and nurture things that would benefit
future generations. T/F

A

F

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32
Q

Self-control and affect regulation of adolescents are relatively mature early on. T/F

A

F

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33
Q

One of the primary tasks of adolescence is finding and resolving one’s identity. T/F

A

T

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34
Q

According to Freud, conscience begins forming by age:

A. 2-3 years
B. 4-5 years
C. 6-7 years
D. 8-9 years

A

B

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35
Q

The key tasks for this stage of Freud are coping with Oedipal complex and identifying with the adult role model.

A. Anal
B. Phallic
C. Oral
D. Latency

A

B

36
Q

Object constancy according to Mahler happens in what age?

A. 5-10 months
B. 10-16 months
C. 16-24 months
D. 24-36 months

A

D

37
Q

A one-year old child does not lose sight of his mother, follows her with his eyes and shows distress when his mother is not around. This stage according to Mahler is

A. Differentiation
B. Practicing
C. Rapprochement
D. Object Constancy

A

B

38
Q

What is the next stage after protest in stages of separation anxiety according to Bowlby?

A. Detachment
B. Despair
C. Acceptance

A

B

39
Q

According to Piaget, understanding of object permanence occurs at this stage.

A. Sensorimotor
B. Pre-Operational
C. Concrete Operational
D. Formal Operational.

A

A

40
Q

The stage in which the child views rules as fixed and absolute.

A. Interpersonal Concordance Orientation
B. Obedience and punishment
C. Maintaining social order

A

B

41
Q

At this stage, people begin to account for the differing values, opinions, and beliefs of other people

A. Individualism and Exchange
B. Interpersonal Concordance Orientation
C. Maintaining Social Order
D. Social Contract and Individual Rights

A

D

42
Q

Albert Bandura’s theory stated that

A. Humans move towards fulfillment of their potential.
B. People learn by observing other people.
C. Behavior modification techniques shape consequences.
D. Children actively construct knowledge.

A

B

43
Q

In the Separation-Individuation Phase by Mahler, separation
refers to:

A. Development of limits and differentiation in the infant’s mind
B. Development of anxiety
C. Development of attachment
D. Development of self

A

A

44
Q

The individuation part of the theory of Mahler refers to:

A. Development of ego, sense of identity, and cognitive ability
B. Development of conscience
C. Development of attachment
D. Development of protest

A

A

45
Q

Melanie Klein define normality as

A. Behavior dictated by society
B. What people do and don’t do
C. Characterized by strength of character, the capacity to deal with conflicting emotions, the ability to experience pleasure without conflict, and the ability to love
D. Adjusting to changing environment

A

C

46
Q

The time period in which the presence of the mother is most psychologically important for the infant

A. 2 weeks
B. 1 month
C. 2 months
D. 8 months

A

D

47
Q

When a 7-yr old boy refuses to do something since his father told him “not to do so”, what stage of moral reasoning is exhibited?

A. Obedience and punishment
B. Individualism and exchange
C. Interpersonal concordance
D. Maintaining social order

A

A

48
Q

Which is false about the Oedipal complex?

A. Results in the formation of superego
B. Results in the formation of gender roles
C. Usually occurs between child and parent of the same gender
D. Does not need to be referred to a psychiatrist

A

C

49
Q

It is the stage of remarkable physical, cognitive, social and moral growth

A. Birth to 18 months
B. 2 to 3 years
C. 3 to 5 years
D. 6 to 11 years

A

D

50
Q

Which is not correctly paired based on the stages of life cycle?

A. Birth to 18 months: trust vs. mistrust
B. 6-11 years old: initiative vs. guilt
C. 1.5-3 years old: autonomy vs. shame
D. 12-21 years old: identity vs. role confusion

A

B

51
Q

At this stage, there is a need to look back at life and feel a sense of fulfillment.

A. Generativity vs. stagnation
B. Integrity vs. despair
C. Initiative vs. guilt
D. Identity vs. role confusion

A

B

52
Q

The psychological task of latency is to develop

a. discipline
b. gender identity
c. skills and talents
d. sense of independence

A

C

53
Q

This is the time the child learns sphincter control of his bowels so toilet training is mastered. According to Erickson, the child learns this during:

a. trust vs. mistrust
b. autonomy vs. shame and doubt
c. initiative vs. guilt
d. industry vs. inferiority

A

B

54
Q

This is the stage, according to Freud, that the infant’s source of pleasure and gratification is through feeding. It is through the mother’s availability for her child that the child feels secure.

a. trust vs. mistrust (oral)
b. autonomy vs. shame (anal)
c. initiative vs. guilt (phallic)
d. industry vs. inferiority (latency)

A

A

55
Q

The following are ego functions except

a. memory
b. reality testing
c. emotion
d. instincts

A

D

56
Q

The main psychological task of infancy is

a. to bond with the mother
b. to explore the world
c. to trust the father
d. to establish a separate self

A

A

57
Q

During adolescence, a boy usually

a. becomes more obedient.
b. becomes more boastful and exhibitionistic
c. displays more affection to his parents
d. experiments in drugs and alcohol

A

D

58
Q

In Jean Piaget’s Theory of Intellectual Development, the transition from the sensorimotor stage to the pre-operational is marked by:

a. animistic thinking
b. phenomenalistic thinking
c. conservation and reversibility
d. object permanence

A

D

59
Q

Midlife crisis is a reflection of whether one has lived up to aspirations. The main conflict in here based on Eriksson

a. Identity vs. identity confusion
b. Intimacy vs. isolation
c. Generativity vs. stagnation
d. Integrity vs. despair

A

C

60
Q

Separation anxiety evolves in the ___ months of age

a. 3-4
b. 4-6
c. 6-8
d. 8-10

A

C

61
Q

Object constancy is an important concept that develops during the

a. 5th year
b. 4th year
c. 2nd year
d. 1st year

A

D

62
Q

During the emotional development of a toddler, the
rapproachment crisis occurs in

a. 2-7 months
b. 7-9 months
c. 9-18 months
d. 18-20 months

A

D

63
Q

According to Piaget, the development of conservation heralds the onset of this stage in the child’s cognitive development:

a. sensorimotor stage
b. preoperational stage
c. symbol representation stage
d. operational stage

A

C

64
Q

Vicky tries to reproduce a response she had discovered accidentally, when she steps on a rubber duck, the duck squeaks. She then tries to reproduce the same response in other ways by sitting on it or stepping on it. According to Piaget’s sensorimotor stage, what substage is she on?

a. substage 2
b. substage 3
c. substage 4
d. substage 5

A

D

65
Q

A 32 year old female lawyer was sexually abused by an uncle repeatedly when she was 6 or 7 years of age. She has never had a relationship and has remained single till the present time. She works as a human rights lawyer and most of her clients are females and she heads a child protection and unit in her municipality. Defense mechanism?

a. Sublimation and altruism
b. Suppression and reaction formation
c. Anticipation and Intellectualization
d. Introjection and displacement

A

B

66
Q

The husband has feelings of incompetence at work. When he gets home, he attacks his wife and makes her feel that she is the one who is incompetent. In turn, the wife really feels that she is incompetent but her friends say otherwise. The defense mechanism being illustrated is:

A. denial
B. projection
C. Reaction formation
D. suppression

A

B

67
Q

Intimacy vs. isolation is characterized by

A. occurrence in midadolescence
B. Creating closed relationships
C. Failure in this stage leads to identity role crisis
D. followed by ego integrity vs. despair

A

B

68
Q

This stage according to Freud is marked by primary interest in the genitals as a form of pleasure as manifested by curiosity of each other’s genitals.

a. Oral
b. Anal
c. Phallic
d. Latency

A

C

69
Q

The child’s growing sense of morality forms the basis for Erikson’s psychosocial crisis where the child evaluates the consequences of his behavior.

A. Trust vs. Mistrust
B. Autonomy vs. Shame and doubt
C. Initiative vs. Guilt
D. Industry vs. Inferiority

A

C

70
Q

This is the stage characterized by capacity for reversibility. The child can now grasp the concept of conservation.

A. Preoperational
B. Concrete operational.
C. Formal operational
D. adolescent turmoil

A

B

71
Q

According to Erikson, generativity vs.stagnation is the major life crisis of

A. Adolescence
B. early adulthood
C. middle adulthood
D. Late adulthood

A

C

72
Q

Which stage of Kohlberg wherein the child considers the outcomes of his actions?

A. Preconventional
B. Conventional
C. Post-conventional
D. Human rights and social welfare morality

A

B

73
Q

Kohlberg’s stage of development which is universal, receptive and prescriptive in general

a. heteronomous morality
b. precoventional morality
c. conventional morality
d. postconventional morality

A

A

74
Q

For the child shown 2 pieces of clay, with one rolled into a sausage, the child in the concrete operational stage would say

A. They are different
B. They are the same
C. Can’t decide
D. Do not know.

A

B

75
Q

The ability to form mental representations of objects or persons that can continue to be held in mind even when these objects cannot be seen, heard or sense is called:

A. social referencing
B. object permanence
C. Object constancy
D. Object relations

A

B

76
Q

At this stage according to Erikson, adults try to be productive in their work and to contribute to the next
generation. The crisis at this stage is called

a. intimacy vs isolation
b. generativity vs stagnation
c. integrity vs despair
d. industry vs inferiority

A

B

77
Q

The child is shown two balls of clay put in 2 glasses equally full of water and says that the level is the same in both. The experimenter flattens one ball of clay and asks if the water level will be the same in both glasses. Which child will say the water in the glass with the flat piece won’t be as high as the water in the other glass?

a. Preoperational child
b. Concrete operational child
c. Sensorimotor child
d. Formal operational child

A

A

78
Q

Which of the ff shows the correct order of Freud’s psychosexual changes

a. Oral, anal, phallic, latent, genital
b. anal, oral, phallic, latent, genital
c. oral, phallic, latent, anal, genital
d. oral, latent, anal, phallic, genital

A

A

79
Q

A man feeling lonely buys a dog since all his children went off to college and seldom visits him. He spends most of his
time of his wife wondering what he will do with the rest of his life. Which psychosocial stage is he in?

A. Intimacy vs. isolation
B. Initiative vs. guilt
C. Generativity vs. stagnation
D. Integrity vs. despair

A

C

80
Q

Adolescents do not like to be around their parents because:

A. Their cognitive development outpaces their parents
B. They have control issues with parents
C. They need to differentiate themselves from parents
D. There is peer pressure to be with friends

A

C

81
Q

Alessandra is a good daughter when she reached adolescence, she changed. She resorted to drugs and other vices. What transition is she experiencing?

A. Normal
B. Continuous
C. Surgent
D. Tumultuous

A

D

82
Q

Task of a person in middle adulthood stage includes

A. Establishment of career
B. Finding a lifetime partner
C. Building a career
D. Dealing with changing sexuality

A

D

83
Q

During preschool years, the absence of parents may hinder the development of

A. Gender identity
B. Autonomy
C. Peer relations
D. Reason

A

A

84
Q

A boy looks at a pile of 1 kg of cotton and 1 kg of nails. In which stage of development is he if he says that there is more cotton than nails?

A. Sensorimotor
B. Representational thinking
C. Concrete operational
D. Formal operational

A

B

85
Q

What is the common psychological issue that adolescents share with their midlife parents?

A. The inability to communicate with someone from another 
generation
B. Change in one’s sexuality
C. Inability to control aggression
D. Change in one’s cognitive capacity
A

B

Developmental Psychology (7 decks)

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