Theories of Personality

Question 1

Freud’s theory is often referred to as:

Answer 1

C. Psychoanalytic theory

Question 2

According to Freud, which part of the mind operates on the pleasure principle?

Answer 2

C. Id

Question 3

The reality principle is associated with which component of Freud’s personality structure?

Answer 3

B. Ego

Question 4

The superego represents:

Answer 4

B. The moral conscience

Question 5

Which of the following is a key technique used in Freud’s psychoanalysis?

Answer 5

A. Free association

Question 6

Freud’s stages of psychosexual development include all EXCEPT:

Answer 6

D. Social stage

Question 7

The Oedipus complex occurs during which stage of development?

Answer 7

C. Phallic stage

Question 8

Freud suggested that unresolved conflicts during a particular stage could lead to:

Answer 8

A. Fixation

Question 9

Which defense mechanism involves attributing one’s own unacceptable thoughts to another person?

Answer 9

B. Projection

Question 10

When a person returns to a previous stage of development in response to stress, this is known as:

Answer 10

C. Regression

Question 11

In Freud’s view, the primary driving forces behind behavior are:

Answer 11

B. Sexual and aggressive instincts

Question 12

Freud’s concept of the unconscious includes:

Answer 12

B. Memories and desires outside of conscious awareness

Question 13

Alfred Adler’s theory is known as:

Answer 13

C. Individual psychology

Question 14

According to Adler, the primary motivation in life is:

Answer 14

B. Striving for superiority

Question 15

Adler introduced the concept of:

Answer 15

B. Inferiority complex

Question 16

The concept of ‘social interest’ in Adler’s theory refers to:

Answer 16

C. An individual’s concern for the well-being of others

Question 17

According to Adler, what can cause an inferiority complex?

Answer 17

C. Feelings of inadequacy from childhood experiences

Question 18

Which of the following statements best reflects Adler’s view on birth order?

Answer 18

B. The eldest child tends to be more responsible.

Question 19

In Adler’s theory, striving for superiority should ideally benefit:

Answer 19

B. Society as a whole

Question 20

How did Adler differ from Freud in terms of the primary motivation for human behavior?

Answer 20

C. Adler emphasized social motivations over Freud’s focus on sexual drives.

Question 21

Which technique is commonly associated with Adlerian therapy?

Answer 21

C. Encouragement

Question 22

Freud’s psychosexual theory emphasizes the importance of:

Answer 22

C. Early childhood experiences

Question 23

According to Adler, what does ‘fictional finalism’ refer to?

Answer 23

B. Imaginary goals that influence one’s behavior

Question 24

Freud believed that anxiety results from conflicts between:

Answer 24

C. Id, ego, and superego

Question 25

Which defense mechanism involves shifting emotions from a threatening target to a safer one?

Answer 25

C. Displacement

Question 26

Adler suggested that human behavior is directed toward:

Answer 26

C. Achieving personal goals

Question 27

Freud’s concept of libido primarily refers to:

Answer 27

A. Life energy and sexual drives

Question 28

Adler’s concept of lifestyle refers to:

Answer 28

B. An individual’s approach to life and coping strategies

Question 29

Which of the following best describes the technique of free association?

Answer 29

B. Reporting whatever comes to mind without censorship

Question 30

In Freud’s structural model, which component mediates between the desires of the id and the moral restrictions of the superego?

Answer 30

A. Ego

Question 31

Which approach views people as motivated by unconscious forces?

Answer 31

C. Psychoanalytic

Question 32

Freud’s idea that early childhood experiences shape adult personality is an example of:

Answer 32

B. Determinism

Question 33

According to Adler, ‘safeguarding tendencies’ are:

Answer 33

C. Strategies to protect self-esteem

Question 34

What is the term for Freud’s theory that every individual progresses through five stages of psychosexual development?

Answer 34

C. Psychosexual stages

Question 35

Adler’s term for overcoming feelings of inferiority and striving for higher levels of development is:

Answer 35

B. Compensation

Question 36

Which term describes the transfer of feelings from one person to another in therapy, according to Freud?

Answer 36

A. Transference

Question 37

Freud’s term for redirecting socially unacceptable impulses into acceptable activities is:

Answer 37

B. Sublimation

Question 38

Adlerian therapy focuses on which of the following?

Answer 38

B. Exploring early memories to understand lifestyle

Question 39

The goal of psychoanalysis is to make the unconscious:

Answer 39

B. Conscious

Question 40

According to Freud, which stage is characterized by a lack of sexual development focus?

Answer 40

D. Latency stage

Question 41

Adler placed greater emphasis on the role of:

Answer 41

C. Social influences and community life

Question 42

The method where patients say whatever comes to mind is:

Answer 42

C. Free association

Question 43

Freud’s use of hypnosis in his early career was intended to:

Answer 43

B. Access unconscious memories

Question 44

Adler believed that people strive for superiority to:

Answer 44

B. Overcome feelings of inferiority

Question 45

Freud’s term for the repressed, instinctual part of the mind is:

Answer 45

C. Id

Question 46

Which of the following best represents Adler’s idea of ‘lifestyle’?

Answer 46

C. A person’s unique way of striving for goals

Question 47

The term ‘sublimation’ refers to:

Answer 47

A. Redirecting impulses toward constructive activities

Question 48

Freud’s view of dreams is that they:

Answer 48

C. Represent wish fulfillment

Question 49

According to Adler, feelings of inferiority may result from:

Answer 49

B. Childhood experiences of helplessness

Question 50

Freud’s psychosexual theory suggests that unresolved issues during a stage lead to:

Answer 50

B. Fixation