Theories of Personality Flashcards
Freud’s theory is often referred to as:
C. Psychoanalytic theory
According to Freud, which part of the mind operates on the pleasure principle?
C. Id
The reality principle is associated with which component of Freud’s personality structure?
B. Ego
The superego represents:
B. The moral conscience
Which of the following is a key technique used in Freud’s psychoanalysis?
A. Free association
Freud’s stages of psychosexual development include all EXCEPT:
D. Social stage
The Oedipus complex occurs during which stage of development?
C. Phallic stage
Freud suggested that unresolved conflicts during a particular stage could lead to:
A. Fixation
Which defense mechanism involves attributing one’s own unacceptable thoughts to another person?
B. Projection
When a person returns to a previous stage of development in response to stress, this is known as:
C. Regression
In Freud’s view, the primary driving forces behind behavior are:
B. Sexual and aggressive instincts
Freud’s concept of the unconscious includes:
B. Memories and desires outside of conscious awareness
Alfred Adler’s theory is known as:
C. Individual psychology
According to Adler, the primary motivation in life is:
B. Striving for superiority
Adler introduced the concept of:
B. Inferiority complex
The concept of ‘social interest’ in Adler’s theory refers to:
C. An individual’s concern for the well-being of others
According to Adler, what can cause an inferiority complex?
C. Feelings of inadequacy from childhood experiences
Which of the following statements best reflects Adler’s view on birth order?
B. The eldest child tends to be more responsible.
In Adler’s theory, striving for superiority should ideally benefit:
B. Society as a whole
How did Adler differ from Freud in terms of the primary motivation for human behavior?
C. Adler emphasized social motivations over Freud’s focus on sexual drives.
Which technique is commonly associated with Adlerian therapy?
C. Encouragement
Freud’s psychosexual theory emphasizes the importance of:
C. Early childhood experiences
According to Adler, what does ‘fictional finalism’ refer to?
B. Imaginary goals that influence one’s behavior
Freud believed that anxiety results from conflicts between:
C. Id, ego, and superego
Which defense mechanism involves shifting emotions from a threatening target to a safer one?
C. Displacement
Adler suggested that human behavior is directed toward:
C. Achieving personal goals
Freud’s concept of libido primarily refers to:
A. Life energy and sexual drives
Adler’s concept of lifestyle refers to:
B. An individual’s approach to life and coping strategies
Which of the following best describes the technique of free association?
B. Reporting whatever comes to mind without censorship
In Freud’s structural model, which component mediates between the desires of the id and the moral restrictions of the superego?
A. Ego
Which approach views people as motivated by unconscious forces?
C. Psychoanalytic
Freud’s idea that early childhood experiences shape adult personality is an example of:
B. Determinism
According to Adler, ‘safeguarding tendencies’ are:
C. Strategies to protect self-esteem
What is the term for Freud’s theory that every individual progresses through five stages of psychosexual development?
C. Psychosexual stages
Adler’s term for overcoming feelings of inferiority and striving for higher levels of development is:
B. Compensation
Which term describes the transfer of feelings from one person to another in therapy, according to Freud?
A. Transference
Freud’s term for redirecting socially unacceptable impulses into acceptable activities is:
B. Sublimation
Adlerian therapy focuses on which of the following?
B. Exploring early memories to understand lifestyle
The goal of psychoanalysis is to make the unconscious:
B. Conscious
According to Freud, which stage is characterized by a lack of sexual development focus?
D. Latency stage
Adler placed greater emphasis on the role of:
C. Social influences and community life
The method where patients say whatever comes to mind is:
C. Free association
Freud’s use of hypnosis in his early career was intended to:
B. Access unconscious memories
Adler believed that people strive for superiority to:
B. Overcome feelings of inferiority
Freud’s term for the repressed, instinctual part of the mind is:
C. Id
Which of the following best represents Adler’s idea of ‘lifestyle’?
C. A person’s unique way of striving for goals
The term ‘sublimation’ refers to:
A. Redirecting impulses toward constructive activities
Freud’s view of dreams is that they:
C. Represent wish fulfillment
According to Adler, feelings of inferiority may result from:
B. Childhood experiences of helplessness
Freud’s psychosexual theory suggests that unresolved issues during a stage lead to:
B. Fixation
