Counseling and Psychotherapy

Question 1

Which of the following statements about effective therapists is FALSE?

a) Effective therapists have a clear sense of their identity and what is essential to them.

b) Effective therapists respect and appreciate themselves and are able to give and receive help and love.

c) Effective therapists adopt the therapist-as-expert rather than client-as-expert approach.

d) Effective therapists make choices that are life-oriented and committed to living fully.

Answer 1

Effective therapists adopt the therapist-as-expert rather than client-as-expert approach.

Question 2

Clients place more value on ______ than on ______.

a) The specific techniques used; the personality of therapist

b) The personality of the therapist; the specific techniques used

c) The orientation of the therapist; the specific techniques used

d) The orientation of the therapist; the quality of the services provided

Answer 2

The personality of the therapist; the specific techniques used

Note: Orientation refers to the technique being used by the therapist

Question 3

Positive ethics is a practice in which counselors:

a) base their ethical decisions on what is best for the client

b) do what is mandated by professional standards.

c) strictly adhere to lengthy ethics codes, even if this is not in the client’s best interest

d) all of the above

Answer 3

base their ethical decisions on what is best for the client

Note:

Remember the word “BEST”
if MANDATED the answer is mandatory ethics (minimum level of practice)

Question 4

_____ allows the therapist to explore in greater depth the areas that are seen as important to progress within the session.

a) Restating and paraphrasing

b) Clarifying and perception checking

c) Summarizing

d) Probing and leading

Answer 4

Probing and leading

Question 5

The following (except one) are core conditions in a helping relationship. Which one is not included?

a) Empathic understanding.

b) Attending and encouraging

c) Warmth

d) Respect and positive regard

Answer 5

Attending and encouraging

Note: This is not condition in helping relationship, this is a strategy

Question 6

If the therapy is in the extended exploration stage, it is expected that the therapist

a) Determine the methods and procedures for follow-up

b) Spend time facilitating, demonstrating, instructing, and providing a safe environment for the development of change.

c) Engage in rapport building, information gathering, goal determination, and informing the client about the conditions under which counseling will take place

d) Gather in depth information about the emotional and cognitive dynamics of the client, problem parameters, and previously tried solutions.

Answer 6

Gather in depth information about the emotional and cognitive dynamics of the client, problem parameters, and previously tried solutions.

Question 7

Which of the following is NOT one of the stages in the stages of change model?

a) Contemplation
b) Preparation
c) Action
d) Reflection

Answer 7

Reflection

Pre contemplation: The client is not aware of his behavior

Contemplation: The client is aware of the problem but not willing to change

Preparation: The client is now taking action; small behavioral changes

Action: The modification of behavior

Question 8

The ______ approach is grounded in a particular school of psychotherapy, along with an openness to selectively incorporate practices from other therapeutic approaches.

a) Common factors
b) Technical integration
c) Assimilative integration
d) Theoretical integration

Answer 8

Assimilative integration

Common factors: Searches for common elements across different theoretical systems.

Technical integration: Without following a school of thought

Assimilative integration: Follow a certain approach

Theoretical integration: More concerned with theory/theoretical creation. Two or more theoretical approach

Question 9

The following (except one) are guidelines in providing culturally appropriate interventions. Which one is not a guideline?

a) In multicultural counseling, a nondirective approach is always preferred compared to directive ones.

b) Be open to interventions that are outside the scope of traditional counseling (e.g., folk healing).

c) Become familiar with a variety of theoretical orientations and approaches

d) Assess all counseling interventions for strengths and weaknesses with respect to clients’ social, cultural, spiritual, and political dimensions.

Answer 9

In multicultural counseling, a nondirective approach is always preferred compared to directive ones.

Question 10

The “fundamental rule” for the client in psychoanalysis is
______.

a) Dream interpretation
b) Free association
c) Journaling
d) Mindfulness meditation

Answer 10

Free association

Question 11

Which of the following is NOT a goal of psychoanalysis and psychodynamic psychotherapy?

a) Make the unconscious conscious
b) Strengthen the ego
c) Modify the individual’s personality and character structure
d) to change overt behavior.

Answer 11

To change overt behavior.

This is for behavioral therapy

Question 12

What is the latent content in Freudian dream analysis?

a) The dream as the dreamer perceives it
b) The symbolic and unconscious motives within the dream
c) The free association to various aspects of the dream
d) The therapist’s interpretation of the dream

Answer 12

The symbolic and unconscious motives within the dream

Dreamwork: The process of changing the picture of dream to aviod anxiety

Question 13

Which of the following is a key component of the “blank-screen” approach used in classical psychoanalysis?

a) Self-disclosure by the therapist
b) Maintaining a sense of neutrality
c) Giving advice and direction to clients
d) Encouraging clients to focus on their present relationships

Answer 13

Maintaining a sense of neutrality

*The therapist must be a blank-screen to the therapist.
*Minimal self disclosure
*Nuetral to client
*In FREE ASSOCIATION, the therapist must seat on the space in which the client can’t see the therapist to maintain neutrality

Question 14

Which of the following would psychoanalyst consider as resistance?

a) Being late for appointments
b) Difficulty free-associating
c) Forgetting appointments
d) All of the above

Answer 14

All of the above

Question 15

In what way does psychoanalytic or psychodynamic therapy differ from traditional
psychoanalysis?

a) The focus is more on fantasy material than on working with pressing practical concerns.

b) The therapist is more likely to use the couch.

c) It has more emphasis on the here-and-now relationship between therapist and client.

d) There are more sessions each week.

Answer 15

It has more emphasis on the here-and-now relationship between therapist and client.

Question 16

What is one major difference between Adler’s views and Freud’s views?

a) Freud believed that dreams could reveal long-term goals, while Adler thought of dreams as wish-fulfillments

b) Adler believed that the first few years of life are not at all important in psychotherapy, while Freud believed they were crucial

c) Freud viewed people as being fixed by their early experiences, whereas Adler believed people could change

d) Adler believed that the development of mistaken beliefs gave individuals a sense of superiority, while Freud believed it gave them a sense of inferiority

Answer 16

Freud viewed people as being fixed by their early experiences, whereas Adler believed people could change

Question 17

What did Adler believe about feelings of inferiority?

a) They are a sign of weakness and abnormality in humans

b) They motivate individuals to strive for completion

c) They are not present in infants at birth

d) They are only relevant in adulthood

Answer 17

They motivate individuals to strive for completion

Question 18

Which of the following are TRUE?

I. Early recollection involved experiences that happen before the age of 10

II. The subjective interpretation of the early recollection is more important

III. Early recollections should be real, not a false memory, for it to affect the style of
life of a person

a) I and III are TRUE
b) II and III are TRUE
c) I and II are TRUE
d) All of the above

Answer 18

I and II are TRUE

For Adler, it is not the experience during childhood is important, but it is how you interpreted the event.

Question 19

The following are true about birth order in Adlerian therapy EXCEPT for

a) Firstborn children, according to Adler, are likely to have intensified feelings of power and superiority

b) The interpretation of one’s position is more important that actual birth order

c) The birth order of the person increases an individual’s probability of having a certain set of experiences

d) Birth order is a deterministic as it has a causal effect on one’s style of life

Answer 19

Birth order is a deterministic as it has a causal effect on one’s style of life

Question 20

Which of the following statements is true about Adlerian therapy and dreams?

a) Adlerians believe that dreams have fixed meanings and symbols.

b) Dreams are considered to be the “royal road to integration”.

c) Adlerians do not encourage clients to share their dreams with the therapist.

d) None of the above

Answer 20

None of the above

Question 21

Which of the following is the correct sequence of the stages of Adlerian counseling?

a) Exploration, interpretation, resolution, and termination

b) Preparation, evaluation, intervention, and aftercare

c) Establishment, assessment, insight, and reorientation

d) Orientation, identification, deconstruction, and reconstruction

Answer 21

Establishment, assessment, insight, and reorientation

Question 22

The purpose of examining a client’s family constellation is to?

a) Determine who else in the family needs help.

b) Bring unconscious factors to the surface.

c) Get a picture of the individual’s early social world.

d) To shift the focus of the
therapy to the root cause of the problem.

Answer 22

Get a picture of the individual’s early social world.

Question 23

According to Adlerians, what question is often used to gain insight into the purpose that
symptoms or difficulties serve in a person’s life?

a) “If given the chance to go back 2 weeks ago, what would you change?”

b) “How old were you when you first encountered this problem?”

c) “How would you describe your relationship with your mother and father?”

d) “How would your life be different if you did not have this problem?”

Answer 23

“How would your life be different if you did not have this problem?”

Question 24

A client in therapy has been struggling with social anxiety and has expressed fear of attending a party. The counselor suggests that the client try to “act as if” they are confident and outgoing at the party, even if they don’t feel that way. What Adlerian counseling technique is the counselor using?

a) Acting as if
b) Spitting in the client’s soup
c) Push-button technique
d) Paradoxical intention

Answer 24

Acting as if

Spitting in the client’s soup: Making the clients aware of their habit.

Push-button technique: Teaching the client to imagine good.

Paradoxical intention

Question 25

Which of the following is an Adlerian counseling technique where patients need to make an extra effort to notice when they engage in a behavior they wish to change, and with practice, they become better at recognizing it before initiating the behavior?

a) Reflection
b) Catching oneself
c) Role-playing
d) Dream analysis

Answer 25

Catching oneself

Question 26

The following are TRUE (except one) about client-therapist relationship in Adlerian
therapy. Which of the following is NOT TRUE?

a) Adlerian therapists attempt to establish a relationship of respect and mutual trust.

b) The therapist is considered as the expert in Adlerian counseling.

c) The therapist-client relationship is a collaborative one.

d) Developing a strong therapeutic relationship is essential to successful outcomes

Answer 26

The therapist is considered as the expert in Adlerian counseling.

Question 27

What is the most important factor related to progress in person-centered therapy?

a) The therapist-client relationship

b) Defining concrete and measurable goals.

c) The therapist’s technical skills

d) The theoretical orientation of the therapist.

Answer 27

The therapist-client relationship

Question 28

Which of the following is NOT one of the therapist attributes that Carl Rogers believed create a growth-promoting climate for individuals to move forward?

a) Congruence (genuineness, or realness)

b) Unconditional positive regard (acceptance and caring)

c) Directiveness (telling the client what to do)

d) Accurate empathic understanding (an ability to deeply grasp the subjective world of another person)

Answer 28

Directiveness (telling the client what to do)

Question 29

What is the state of incongruence that clients experience when they first come to therapy?

a) A state of incompleteness due to irrational thinking

b) A state of perfect alignment between self-concept and reality

c) A state discrepancy between self-perception and reality

d) A state of powerlessness and inability to make decisions

Answer 29

A state discrepancy between self-perception and reality

Question 30

Which of the following is NOT one of the necessary and sufficient conditions for therapeutic personality change, according to Rogers?

a) Two persons are in psychological contact.
b) The first person, the client, is in a state of incongruence.
c) The second person, the therapist, is congruent in the relationship.
d) All of the above are necessary and sufficient

Answer 30

All of the above are necessary and sufficient

Question 31

Which of the following is true about therapists’ communication of unconditional positive regard to their clients?

a) It is a possessive attitude towards the client’s feelings and thoughts.

b) It is a genuine caring for the client without placing stipulations on their acceptance.

c) It is contaminated by evaluation or judgment of the client’s behavior.

d) It is an attitude of “I’ll accept you when…” rather than “I’ll accept you as you are.”

Answer 31

It is a genuine caring for the client without placing stipulations on their acceptance.

Question 32

Among the three, which of the following is closest to genuineness?

a) empathy
b) unconditional positive regard
c) sympathy
d) congruence

Answer 32

congruence

Question 33

Which of the following is a shortcoming in applying the person-centered approach with
clients from diverse cultures?

a) PCT may not be the best approach for clients seeking directive therapy

b) It is difficult to translate the core therapeutic conditions into actual practice in certain cultures

c) Its emphasis on constructs such as self-acceptance, inner-directedness and self-actualization

d) All of the above

Answer 33

All of the above

Question 34

Which of the following is not one of the roles of the counselor in PCT? (Villar, 1997)

a) Act as a facilitator and create a relationship in which the individual is free to experience the necessary freedom to explore the areas in life that are denied.

b) Help the client find an aim and purpose in their existence by emphasizing the meaning of suffering, work, and love.

c) Focus on the here-and-now experience created by the relationship between the client and the counselor.

d) Leave the primary responsibility for the process to the client since they have the capacity to move toward a state of psychological health.

Answer 34

Help the client find an aim and purpose in their existence by emphasizing the meaning of suffering, work, and love.

Question 35

This counseling technique involves narrating a story of another person who has gone through a similar experience and later succeeded in life to the client.

a) Parable method
b) Socratic method
c) Narrative method
d) Testimonial method

Answer 35

Parable method

Question 36

The characteristic existential theme includes ______ and ​______.

a) freedom and responsibility
b) Eros and Thanatos
c) rationality and irrationality
d) existential anxiety.

Answer 36

freedom and responsibility

Question 37

When people chose not to choose, they are likely to experience ______.
While _____ is the result of being confronted with the “givens of
existence”—death, freedom, choice, isolation, and meaninglessness

a) existential anxiety; neurotic anxiety
b) existential meaninglessness; normal anxiety
c) existential anxiety; existential guilt
d) existential guilt; existential anxiety

Answer 37

existential guilt; existential anxiety

Question 38

What is the central observation of cognitive therapy?

a) Changes in behaviors and emotions lead to changes in beliefs.
b) Change in beliefs lead to changes in behaviors and emotions.
c) Changes in behaviors lead to changes in emotions but not beliefs.
d) Changes in emotions lead to changes in behaviors but not beliefs.

Answer 38

Change in beliefs lead to changes in behaviors and emotions.

Question 39

Beck proposed what he calls the negative cognitive triad in which people with depression have negative views about the self, the world and the future.
Which of the following is closest to hopelessness?

a) Negative view of the self
b) Negative view of the world
c) Negative views of the future
d) None of the above

Answer 39

Negative views of the future

Question 40

Cognitive therapy places emphasis on helping clients identify misconceptions for themselves through reflective questioning. This process is
known as _____.

a) Self-reflection inquiry
b) Cognitive exploration
c) Joint discovery
d) Collaborative empiricism

Answer 40

Collaborative empiricism

Question 41

What is the role of the therapeutic relationship in cognitive therapy?

a) It is necessary but not sufficient to produce therapeutic effects.

b) It is both necessary and sufficient to produce therapeutic effect.

c) It is the only factor that produces change in clients.
d) It is not relevant to cognitive therapy.

Answer 41

It is necessary but not sufficient to produce therapeutic effects.

Question 42

Client: We were on our way to the beach when my brother suddenly gets irritated and said,
“stop playing that horrible song and turn off the radio.” That was my favorite a song from my favorite album by my favorite singer. I guess my brother thinks I am a horrible person with a poor taste. No wonder, he is always irritated when
I am around. Which cognitive distortion is evident in this example?

a) Magnification
b) Catastrophizing
c) Personalization
d) Selective abstraction

Answer 42

Personalization

Question 43

Neil is a counselor who once dealt with an adolescent client who is very
resistant to change. It came the point in which the mother of the client had to
request that the therapy be terminated because she thinks that her son is not
improving. Because of this, Neil developed maladaptive thoughts that he is
ineffective not only with the adolescent client but with any client he
will deal with. This is an example of:

*
a) Arbitrary inference
b) Minimization
c) Dichotomous thinking
d) Overgeneralization

Answer 43

Overgeneralization

Question 44

Which of the following best describes the purpose of Socratic dialogue in cognitive therapy?

a) The use of existential approach in conducting cognitive therapy.
b) Asking questions about the meaning of non-being and challenging thoughts about death.
c) Asking a series of questions to guide clients discover new ways of thinking and behaving.
d) Asking a series of questions about the reality of existence and focusing on the meaning of existential dichotomies.

Answer 44

Asking a series of questions to guide clients discover new ways of thinking and behaving.

Question 45

Therapist:
“. Can you imagine yourself talking to your boss and asking for a raise?”

Client: “Yes, but every time I try to
imagine it, I just see my boss getting angry and telling me off.”

Therapist: “Okay, let’s try to replace
that image with a more positive one. Can you imagine yourself having a
successful interview, with your boss listening to your request?”

Client: “Yes, I think I can do
that.”

Therapist: “Great. Now, let’s go
through the interview in your mind and see how it goes. How do you present your
request? And how does your boss respond?”

Which cognitive
therapy technique is being demonstrated in the dialogue above?

a) Cognitive rehearsal
b) Acting as if
c) Paradoxical intention
d) Role rehearsal

Answer 45

Cognitive rehearsal

Question 46

The emphasis of REBT on cognition has its antecedents in _____ psychotherapy

a) Jungian
b) Freudian
c) Skinnerian
d) Adlerian

Answer 46

Adlerian

Question 47

Albert Ellis’s phrase to characterize the behavior of clients who are inflexible and absolutistic in their thinking, maintaining that they must not
fail or that they must have their way.

a) Demandingness
b) Musterbation
c) Absolution
d) Cognitive rigidity

Answer 47

Musterbation

Question 48

Which of the following is not one of the counseling steps in REBT (Villar, 1997)?

a) Show the client that they are illogical and help them understand how and why they became so.

b) Show the client that they are maintaining their disturbance by continuing to think illogically.

c) Get the client to change their thinking and abandon irrational ideas.

d) Establish a positive relationship with the client even outside sessions and talk about matters not related to the client’s concerns.

Answer 48

Establish a positive relationship with the client even outside sessions and talk about matters not related to the client’s concerns.

Question 49

Romeo, a client who struggles with getting the approval of his parents, got a 1.8 in
one subject. He said, “I needed to get a 1.0 or else I am not good enough”. His
therapist responded, “Instead of that, why don’t we change it to ‘I want a 1.0, but I do not have to’”. Therapist using REBT call this technique as:

a) Shame-attacking exercise
b) Role playing
c) Forceful self-statements
d) Rational-emotive imagery

Answer 49

Forceful self-statements

Question 50

The goals of classical psychoanalysis are the following, except:

a. Increasing adaptive functioning

b. Ensuring that behavior is based more on reality

c. Developing self-understanding

d. Strengthening the therapeutic relationship through self-disclosure

Answer 50

Strengthening the therapeutic relationship through self-disclosure

Note: Classical psychoanlysis avoid self disclosure

Question 51

Taylor is a psychoanalytic therapist seeing her client, Sabrina, during her second session. As Sabrina settled in her seat, she cheerfully stated that she was writing a song about her former boyfriend, Barry, and even shared the lyrics to Taylor. Based on the lyrics, Taylor pointed out that Sabrina seemed to be drawn to emotionally unavailable men that reminded her of her father. Analyze the use of interpretation in this case.

a. Taylor’s interpretation is accurate.

b. Taylor’s interpretation is poorly timed.

c. Taylor’s interpretation is countertransference.

d. Taylor’s interpretation is supported by enough data.

Answer 51

Taylor’s interpretation is poorly timed.

Question 52

According to Adlerian therapy, human beings:

a. Can become whoever they want to be.

b. Can be understood even if we don’t examine the systems in which they live.

c. Are motivated by inferiority feelings.

d. Have three life tasks: love, friendship, and the future.

Answer 52

Are motivated by inferiority feelings.

Question 53

The following, except for one, are false about the phases of Jungian analytical psychology. Which one is it?

a. The phases of Jungian analytical psychology are nonsequential.

b. During the catharsis phase, the therapist and the client utilize information from the client’s life experiences and emotional goals to make the unconscious conscious.

c. In the subjective interview of the assessment phase, the therapist asks “the question.”

d. The client uses insight to disown negative aspects of their personality during the transformational or individuation stage.

Answer 53

The phases of Jungian analytical psychology are nonsequential.

Question 54

“He is simply the best. He can never do anything wrong,” said the client during your session. What type of cognitive distortion is this?

a. There is no cognitive distortion here.
b. Magnification
c. Labeling
d. Dichotomous thinking

Answer 54

Dichotomous thinking

Note: Signs of Dichotomous Thinking

Never, Always, None

Question 55

What cognitive behavioral technique can be best used in response to the cognitive distortion above?

a. Challenging absolutes
b. Socratic questioning
c. Thought stopping
d. Guessing the thought

Answer 55

Challenging absolutes

Question 56

All of the following, except for one, are false about behavioral therapy. Point the exception.

a. Behavioral therapists look to the present and the past to explain client’s problem behavior.

b. People can change even without insight.

c. Behavior does not include internal processes.

d. The therapeutic relationship is necessary and sufficient for behavioral change.

Answer 56

People can change even without insight.

Behavioral therapists look to the present to explain client’s problem behavior.

The therapeutic relationship is necessary and sufficient for behavioral change. (This is for client centered)

Question 57

All, except for one, are true about reality therapy. Which one is it?

a. Reality therapists are positive and encouraging with clients.

b. In reality therapy, client’s excuses are not accepted.

c. Reality therapy is harshly confrontational.

d. In reality therapy, clients are seen as independent and self-sustaining.

Answer 57

Reality therapy is harshly confrontational.

Reality therapy is confrontational.

Question 58

How can you do involvement in reality therapy?

a. Determine the client’s wants and if their current behavior is in the direction of those wants.

b. Encourage the client to stay with their feelings.

c. Reward the client’s attempts at a behavior until the desired behavior is performed.

d. Talk about matters unrelated to the client’s concern.

Answer 58

Talk about matters unrelated to the client’s concern.

Note:

involvement means establishing a therapeutic relationship

Question 59

How is the therapeutic relationship viewed in client-centered therapy?

a. The therapeutic relationship is necessary but not sufficient to bring about change.

b. The therapeutic relationship activates the client’s self-healing capacities.

c. The relationship between therapist and client is not equal.

d. Techniques, more than the attitude of the therapist, bring about change.

Answer 59

The therapeutic relationship activates the client’s self-healing capacities.

Question 60

Which is false about how client-centered therapy views psychopathology?

a. Psychopathology happens when there is incongruence between real self and ideal self.

b. Psychopathology occurs when there is failure to learn from experience.

c. Psychopathology stems from conditions of worth.

d. All are true.

Answer 60

Psychopathology happens when there is incongruence between real self and ideal self.

Question 61

During a group therapy session, Greg asked the client that usually talks the least to talk the most. What Gestalt therapy technique did he use?

a. Reversal
b. Play the projection
c. Paradoxical intention
d. Exaggeration

Answer 61

Reversal

Question 62

What is the goal of existential therapy in dealing with cases of anxiety?

a. Eliminate anxiety.
b. Reduce anxiety.
c. Avoid anxiety.
d. None of the above.

Answer 62

Reduce anxiety

Question 63

Allison, your client, is excessively concerned about her appearance to the point that she no longer wants to go outside and talk to people. What existential therapy technique can be best used to help Allison?

a. Parable Method
b. Dereflection
c. Amplified reflection
d. Retroflection

Answer 63

Dereflection

Question 64

Which of the following is false about constructivist approaches?

I. They are not antirealism.

II. They focus on how language influences one’s worldview.

III. Clients are seen as creators or co-creators of problems.

IV. Resistance is seen as unnatural.

V. Constructivist therapists never direct clients in pre-planned directions.

a. I, IV, and V are false.
b. Only IV is false.
c. I and III are false.
d. All are false except for V.

Answer 64

I, IV, and V are false.

Question 65

What is the purpose of asking the miracle question?

a. To help clients imagine a positive future.
b. To build rapport with the client.
c. To help clients clarify their goals.
d. All of the above.

Answer 65

All of the above

Question 66

Lisa grew up with an absentee father who had extramarital affairs. Because of this, her mother made Lisa her personal therapist, venting to her about her dysfunctional marriage. Over time, Lisa felt overwhelmed by her mother’s venting and developed resentment towards her father. With the immense emotional toll at home, Lisa presented to therapy with symptoms of depression. What is the best approach to deal with this case?

a. Cognitive Behavioral
b. Systemic
c. Constructivist
d. Psychoanalytic

Answer 66

Systemic

Note: Systemic talks about family systems

Question 67

Alex, your 15-year-old client, frequently engages in fistfights. His friends and even his father praise him for “manning up”. He expresses a desire to avoid fights but struggles to do so. What is the best therapeutic approach to use in this case?

a. Family Therapy
b. Psychoanalytic Therapy
c. Behavioral Therapy
d. Person-centered Therapy

Answer 67

Behavioral Therapy

Question 68

Which of the following is an assumption of systemic approaches?

I. A person’s symptoms play a role in maintaining a sense of normalcy in the system.

II. Systemic counselors take a pathologizing position.

III. Systemic perspectives only recognize first order change.

IV. Systemic approaches do not find individual dynamics important.

a. All are assumptions of systemic approaches.
b. Only I is an assumption of systemic approaches.
c. I and IV are assumptions of systemic approaches.
d. Only II is an assumption of systemic approaches.

Answer 68

Only I is an assumption of systemic approaches

Explanation:

A person’s symptoms play a role in maintaining a sense of normalcy in the system (assumption of systemic approach)

Systemic counselors take a NONE pathologizing position

Question 69

“I feel sad because my partner left me,” said your client. “Your partner left so you feel sad,” you responded. What level of empathic communication is this?

a. Level 1
b. Level 2
c. Level 3
d. Level 4

Answer 69

Level 3

Explanation:

Level 1 - Attacks the client
Level 2 - Overtyly tries to be helpful but fails to respond
Level 3 - Parroting
Level 4
Level 5

Question 70

What type of questions can you use to obtain broad information about a client’s case?

a. Open-ended questions
b. Why questions
c. Close-ended questions
d. Probing and leading questions

Answer 70

Open-ended questions

Question 71

What type of questions display empathy, and facilitate a non-judgmental and open atmosphere?

a. Open-ended questions
b. Tentative questions
c. Evaluative questions
d. Coping questions

Answer 71

Tentative questions

Question 72

“Whenever I am given recognition at work, I tend to deflect it. I’m just waiting for them to see that I’m not really as good as they think I am,” said Anna, a 30-year old accountant at a big firm. How can you respond to show reflection of feelings?

a. “It seems you’re afraid of people changing their minds about you so you shy away even when you are recognized for the good things you do at work.”

b. “You feel that you are not really as good as they think they are so you deflect recognition at work.”

c. “You have a keen awareness that the reason you deflect recognition at work is because there is a part of you that believes you are not as good as they think you are.”

d. “I understand. I feel how you feel.”

Answer 72

“It seems you’re afraid of people changing their minds about you so you shy away even when you are recognized for the good things you do at work.”

Question 73

“I don’t know why I still make wrong choices. I’m just so tired of repeating the same pattern,” said Kat, your client. “You don’t know why you still make wrong choices. You’re tired of the same patterns,” you responded. What microskill did you use?

a. Paraphrasing
b. Restatement
c. Reflection of Content
d. Interpretation

Answer 73

Restatement

Question 74

What microskill can you use to help clients share more about their situations?

a. Encouragers
b. Summarization
c. Logical Consequence
d. All of the above.

Answer 74

Encouragers

Question 75

What microskill can you use to regulate over talkative clients who go off the tangent?

a. Close-ended questioning
b. Probing and Leading
c. Summarization
d. All of the above.

Answer 75

All of the above.

Question 76

Of the following microskills, which has the most potential to be destructive to the therapeutic relationship?

a. Offering alternatives
b. Advice giving
c. Information giving
d. Close-ended questioning

Answer 76

Advice giving

Question 77

In which of the following situations is self-disclosure from the therapist used in a facilitative way?

a. After his client openly shared about his marriage problems, Glenn, the therapist, disclosed that he is also separating from his wife. The client comforted Glenn.

b. Rica likes to be genuine with her clients so she shares her feelings towards them, both persistent and transient feelings.

c. Erin, the client, shared to her therapist that she is confused about what path to take after graduation. The therapist shared that she is going on vacation next week.

d. Noah’s client, Jim, talked sparingly during their sessions. Noah noticed that Jim seemed ashamed to talk about the grief he feels over his wife’s passing. Noah shared that he also grieved the loss of his mother last year.

Answer 77

Noah’s client, Jim, talked sparingly during their sessions. Noah noticed that Jim seemed ashamed to talk about the grief he feels over his wife’s passing. Noah shared that he also grieved the loss of his mother last year.

Question 78

What are the possible effects of self-disclosure?

a. Moves the therapeutic relationship to deeper levels of understanding
b. Offers behavior that the client can model
c. Places the focus to the therapist rather than the client
d. All of the above.

Answer 78

All of the above

Question 79

All are true, except for one, about confrontation. Which one is it?

a. Confrontation should be avoided.
b. Confrontation requires gentleness.
c. Irony or satire can be used to confront a client.
d. Confrontation can enhance the therapeutic relationship.

Answer 79

Confrontation should be avoided.

Explanation:

Confrontation meaning helping a client

Question 80

To be an effective therapist, you must:

a. Be free of conflicts before counseling others
b. Have a willingness to admit mistakes
c. Engage in value imposition
d. All of the above.

Answer 80

Have a willingness to admit mistakes

Question 81

You encountered a client with a value system different from yours. What is the best course of action?

a. Refer the client to another therapist.
b. Work with the client within the framework of your value system.
c. Seek supervision and learn ways to manage the differences.
d. Be encapsulated by your values.

Answer 81

Seek supervision and learn ways to manage the differences.

Question 82

As a therapist, what is the best way to deal with your own values in therapy?

a. Be totally objective.
b. Engage in value imposition.
c. Be encapsulated by your values.
d. Do bracketing.

Answer 82

Do bracketing.

Question 83

Shane has been a consistent therapy client of Luke’s for more than five years. Each time Luke ended the therapeutic relationship, Shane would quickly fall back into her destructive patterns. Thus, Shane would return to therapy, asking Luke what to do to get better. Luke would give her answers and Shane would follow it closely. Because of this, Shane’s symptoms would improve. Evaluate Luke’s actions as a therapist.

a. Luke’s method is ineffective because he lets his attraction to Shane affect his role as a therapist.
b. Luke’s method is effective because Shane gets better everytime she comes back to therapy.
c. Luke’s method is effective because he is able to give what Shane asks for in therapy.
d. Luke’s method is ineffective because he assumes responsibility for directing Shane’s life.

Answer 83

Luke’s method is ineffective because he assumes responsibility for directing Shane’s life.

Question 84

How do you manage countertransference?

a. Work through the countertransference by adding it to the client’s treatment plan.
b. Avoid countertransference and focus on the client.
c. Recognize the manifestations of your countertransference, and work on yourself through personal therapy, supervision, or talking to a colleague.
d. All are valid ways to deal with countertransference.

Answer 84

Recognize the manifestations of your countertransference, and work on yourself through personal therapy, supervision, or talking to a colleague.

Question 85

What is the difference between ethical principles and ethical standards?

a. Ethical principles represent the spirit of the code or the ideals to which professionals should aspire to while ethical standards represent the letter of the code or the minimum obligatory rules of conduct to follow.
b. Ethical principles represent the letter of the code or the minimum obligatory rules of conduct to follow while ethical standards represent the spirit of the code or the ideals to which professionals should aspire to.
c. Ethical principles represent the letter of the code or the ideals to which professionals should aspire to while ethical standards represent the spirit of the code or the minimum obligatory rules of conduct to follow.
d. Ethical principles represent the spirit of the code or the minimum obligatory rules of conduct to follow while ethical standards represent the letter of the code or the ideals to which professionals should aspire to.

Answer 85

Ethical principles represent the spirit of the code or the ideals to which professionals should aspire to while ethical standards represent the letter of the code or the minimum obligatory rules of conduct to follow.

Question 86

Allison has been your client for two months. She presented for therapy with severe depression and suicidal intent. As your therapy sessions progressed, some of her symptoms gradually improved. She told you during your last session that she wanted to terminate therapy since she was already feeling better. However, you felt that Allison could still benefit from more sessions to address her other symptoms and to prevent relapse. What ethical principle is relevant to consider in this case?

a. Beneficence, nonmaleficence, and integrity
b. Beneficence, respect for rights and dignity, and justice
c. Beneficence and nonmaleficence
d. Beneficence, nonmaleficence, and respect for rights and dignity

Answer 86

Beneficence, nonmaleficence, and respect for rights and dignity

Explanation:

Beneficence - promoting welfae

Nonmaleficence - Doing no harm

Respect for rights and dignity - respecting client’s decision

Question 87

Alex intentionally lied to Rose to keep her in therapy longer. What ethical principle did Alex violate?

a. Justice
b. Integrity
c. Professional and scientific responsibility
d. Individual responsibility

Answer 87

Integrity

Explanation: Honesty, accuracy, consistent behavior

Question 88

Sofia felt a strong sexual attraction towards her client, Joseph. Joseph felt the same way. Thus, Sofia ended their therapeutic relationship and referred Joseph to another therapist. Afterwhich, Sofia and Joseph began dating. Did Sofia violate an ethical standard?

a. Yes, because she ended therapy just so she can date Joseph.
b. Yes, because she felt sexual attraction towards Joseph.
c. No, because Joseph also felt the same way towards her.
d. No, because she referred Joseph to another therapist.

Answer 88

Yes, because she ended therapy just so she can date Joseph

Question 89

According to RA 10029, all but which can lead to the suspension or revocation of your license?

a. Physical or mental incompetence
b. Negligence
c. Allowing another person to practice using your documents
d. Engaging in boundary crossing

Answer 89

Engaging in boundary crossing

Question 90

Which of the following aims to improve the delivery of mental health services in basic education schools?

a. RA 10029
b. RA 10912
c. RA 11036
d. Senate Bill 2200

Answer 90

Senate Bill 2200

Explnation:
RA 10912 - CPD Units Act of 2016
RA 11036 - Mental Health Act

Question 91

According to RA 3815, which of the following clients has no criminal liability?

a. Chris who has schizophrenia and committed a crime when his psychotic symptoms were in remission
b. Alice who has profound intellectual disability
c. Shane who has major depressive disorder
d. A and B

Answer 91

Alice who has profound intellectual disability

Note:

RA 3815 is revised penal code

Question 92

Clinical supervision is a crucial aspect of a therapist’s professional responsibility. All of the following, except for one, are the main purposes of supervision. Which is it?

a. To protect the welfare of the clients seen by the supervisee
b. To evaluate the performance of the supervisee
c. To resolve the supervisee’s personal issues
d. All of these are the purposes of supervision.

Answer 92

To resolve the supervisee’s personal issues

Question 93

In which of the following cases is supervision helpful?

a. Alicia, a Masters student in psychology, is about to conduct her first therapy session for practicum.
b. Alan, a newly-licensed therapist, has a client who experienced trauma. Although he feels ready to handle this case, he admits he needs guidance.
c. Shane, an experienced therapist, is practicing a newly-established therapeutic approach.
d. All of the above.

Answer 93

All of the above

Question 94

This type of research assumes that there is an objective reality within which research questions can be formulated.

a. True experimental
b. Grounded Theory
c. Phenomenological
d. Ethnographic

Answer 94

True experimental

Question 95

Point the main difference between experimental and nonexperimental research.

a. The difference between experimental and nonexperimental research is that in experimental research, there is random assignment while in nonexperimental research, there is no random assignment.

b. The difference between experimental and nonexperimental research is that in experimental research, the researcher manipulates the experience of the participants while in nonexperimental research, there is no manipulation involved.

c. The difference between experimental and nonexperimental research is that in experimental research, you have a control group while in nonexperimental research, there is no control group.

d. None of the above explains the difference between experimental and nonexperimental research.

Answer 95

The difference between experimental and nonexperimental research is that in experimental research, the researcher manipulates the experience of the participants while in nonexperimental research, there is no manipulation involved.

Question 96

You wanted to compare the psychologists licensure exam scores of students from different universities. What type of research is most appropriate to use?

a. Quasi-experiment
b. Pre-experiment
c. Phenomenological
d. Ex Post Facto Research

Answer 96

Ex Post Facto Research

Question 97

For your masters thesis, your primary aim is to understand and describe the lived experiences of guardians of children with autism spectrum disorder. What type of research will you do?

a. Grounded theory
b. Phenomenological
c. Ethnographic
d. Survey

Answer 97

Phenomenological

Note:

Grounded theory - generate theory
Phenomenological - describe lived experience
Ethnographic - describe a culture

Question 98

You are scared of taking the board exam, but you decided to take it anyway because you wanted to be a psychologist and support people with mental health challenges. According to Adler, what quality do you possess?

a. Purpose
b. Confidence
c. Courage
d. Kindness

Answer 98

Courage