Theories of personality Flashcards
1
Q
Rogers believed that failure to realize our innate actualization tendency can lead to
_______________.
A. Confusion
B. Aggression
C. Maladjustment
D. Anxiety
A
C. Maladjustment
2
Q
Persons being assessed by this test do not respond directly. They may talk about
whatever they choose, and their tape-recorded comments are later rated for degree of
self-trust.
A. Q-sort technique
B. Experiencing Scale
C. Thematic Apperception Test
D. Rorschach inkblot Test
A
B. Experiencing Scale
3
Q
ALL are characteristics of fully functioning people EXCEPT:
A. Trust in one’s behavior and feeling
B. Passive and open to positivity only
C. Creativity and spontaneity
D. Awareness of all experience
A
B. Passive and open to positivity only
4
Q
What is Freud’s version of Roger’s positive self-regard?
A. Ego
B. Id
C. Superego
D. All of the above
A
C. Superego
5
Q
Robert’s self-concept includes the belief that we love all humanity but when he met
Chris whom he feel hatred, he will likely to develop _______.
A. Aggression
B. Anxiety
C. Hostility
D. Denial
A
B. Anxiety
6
Q
The statements below are the reason why Rogers used the word “actualizing, not
actualized” to described a fully functioning person EXCEPT:
A. Self-development is our finished and static personality.
B. Self-development is always a progress.
C. Self-development is a direction, not a destination.
D. Self-development consists of growing, striving, flexibility and openness.
A
A. Self-development is our finished and static personality.
7
Q
Incongruence is a discrepancy between a person’s _________ and aspects of his or her
experience.
A. Self-efficacy
B. Self-loathing
C. Self-concept
D. Self-hatred
A
C. Self-concept
8
Q
A parent who loves her son no matter what she does is Roger’s concept of?
A. Conditions of Worth
B. Unconditional Positive Regard
C. Conditional Positive Regard
D. Congruence
A
B. Unconditional Positive Regard
9
Q
According to Rogers, all aspects of the self strive for ________.
A. Companionship
B. Consistency
C. Connection
D. Competition
A
B. Consistency
10
Q
The basic human motivation to actualize, maintain and enhance the self.
A. Conditions of worth
B. Basic need
C. Fully-functioning person
D. Actualization tendency
A
D. Actualization tendency
11
Q
Freud’s theory is often referred to as:
A. Cognitive theory
B. Humanistic theory
C. Psychoanalytic theory
D. Behavioral theory
A
C. Psychoanalytic theory
12
Q
According to Freud, which part of the mind operates on the pleasure principle?
A. Ego
B. Superego
C. Id
D. Conscious
A
C. Id
13
Q
The reality principle is associated with which component of Freud’s personality structure?
A. Id
B. Ego
C. Superego
D. Unconscious
A
B. Ego
14
Q
The superego represents:
A. Basic biological needs
B. The moral conscience
C. Immediate gratification
D. The reality principle
A
B. The moral conscience
15
Q
Which of the following is a key technique used in Freud’s psychoanalysis?
A. Free association
B. Systematic desensitization
C. Self-actualization
D. Classical conditioning
A
A. Free association
16
Q
Freud’s stages of psychosexual development include all EXCEPT:
A. Oral stage
B. Latency stage
C. Genital stage
D. Social stage
A
D. Social stage
17
Q
The Oedipus complex occurs during which stage of development?
A. Oral stage
B. Anal stage
C. Phallic stage
D. Genital stage
A
C. Phallic stage
18
Q
Freud would explain personality largely in terms of
A
Childhood experiences and unconscious processes
19
Q
Freud suggested that unresolved conflicts during a particular stage could lead to:
A. Fixation
B. Regression
C. Compensation
D. Sublimation
A
A. Fixation
20
Q
Which defense mechanism involves attributing one’s own unacceptable thoughts to another person?
A. Denial
B. Projection
C. Repression
D. Displacement
A
B. Projection
21
Q
When a person returns to a previous stage of development in response to stress, this is known as:
A. Repression
B. Sublimation
C. Regression
D. Reaction formation
A
C. Regression
22
Q
In Freud’s view, the primary driving forces behind behavior are:
A. Social influences
B. Sexual and aggressive instincts
C. Cognitive processes
D. Moral values
A
B. Sexual and aggressive instincts
23
Q
Freud’s concept of the unconscious includes:
A. Information easily accessible to the mind
B. Memories and desires outside of conscious awareness
C. Rational thoughts and problem-solving
D. Immediate perceptions
A
B. Memories and desires outside of conscious awareness
24
Q
Alfred Adler’s theory is known as:
A. Psychoanalytic theory
B. Analytical psychology
C. Individual psychology
D. Behaviorism
A
C. Individual psychology
25
According to Adler, the primary motivation in life is:
A. Sexual gratification
B. Striving for superiority
C. Achieving self-actualization
D. Avoiding punishment
B. Striving for superiority
26
Adler introduced the concept of:
A. Collective unconscious
B. Inferiority complex
C. Psychosexual stages
D. Free association
B. Inferiority complex
27
The concept of "social interest" in Adler's theory refers to:
A. A focus on oneself over others
B. A desire for personal pleasure
C. An individual's concern for the well-being of others
D. A motivation to achieve superiority at all costs
C. An individual's concern for the well-being of others
28
According to Adler, what can cause an inferiority complex?
A. Successful accomplishments
B. Overcoming challenges
C. Feelings of inadequacy from childhood experiences
D. Constant social support
C. Feelings of inadequacy from childhood experiences
29
Which of the following statements best reflects Adler's view on birth order?
A. Birth order has no effect on personality.
B. The eldest child tends to be more responsible.
C. The youngest child is typically more logical.
D. Only children have fewer personality problems.
B. The eldest child tends to be more responsible.
30
In Adler's theory, striving for superiority should ideally benefit:
A. The individual alone
B. Society as a whole
C. The family unit
D. Close friends
B. Society as a whole
31
How did Adler differ from Freud in terms of the primary motivation for human behavior?
A. Adler focused on biological drives, while Freud emphasized social influences.
B. Adler believed in the power of unconscious motives, while Freud did not.
C. Adler emphasized social motivations over Freud's focus on sexual drives.
D. Adler viewed aggression as the sole driving force, while Freud focused on sexual instincts.
C. Adler emphasized social motivations over Freud's focus on sexual drives.
32
Which technique is commonly associated with Adlerian therapy?
A. Dream interpretation
B. Free association
C. Encouragement
D. Transference analysis
C. Encouragement
33
Freud's psychosexual theory emphasizes the importance of:
A. Social development
B. Cognitive stages
C. Early childhood experiences
D. Genetic factors
C. Early childhood experiences
34
According to Adler, what does "fictional finalism" refer to?
A. Unconscious desires affecting behavior
B. Imaginary goals that influence one's behavior
C. The conscious mind's reasoning process
D. The final resolution of childhood conflicts
B. Imaginary goals that influence one's behavior
35
Freud believed that anxiety results from conflicts between:
A. Id and ego
B. Ego and superego
C. Id, ego, and superego
D. Conscious and unconscious
C. Id, ego, and superego
36
Which defense mechanism involves shifting emotions from a threatening target to a safer one?
A. Repression
B. Sublimation
C. Displacement
D. Reaction formation
C. Displacement
37
Adler suggested that human behavior is directed toward:
A. Avoiding pain
B. Self-actualization
C. Achieving personal goals
D. Meeting societal expectations
C. Achieving personal goals
38
Freud's concept of libido primarily refers to:
A. Life energy and sexual drives
B. Aggression and hostility
C. Moral and ethical concerns
D. Social bonds
A. Life energy and sexual drives
39
Adler's concept of lifestyle refers to:
A. A person's daily habits and activities
B. An individual's approach to life and coping strategies
C. Economic status and social class
D. A person's physical health and well-being
B. An individual's approach to life and coping strategies
40
Which of the following best describes the technique of free association?
A. Providing encouragement in therapy
B. Reporting whatever comes to mind without censorship
C. Discussing childhood memories only
D. Analyzing dreams exclusively
B. Reporting whatever comes to mind without censorship
41
Which approach views people as motivated by unconscious forces?
A. Humanistic
B. Cognitive
C. Psychoanalytic
D. Behavioral
C. Psychoanalytic
42
Freud's idea that early childhood experiences shape adult personality is an example of:
A. Humanistic theory
B. Determinism
C. Existentialism
D. Free will
B. Determinism
43
According to Adler, "safeguarding tendencies" are:
A. Defense mechanisms similar to Freud's
B. Techniques to maintain social interest
C. Strategies to protect self-esteem
D. Methods to avoid life's challenges
C. Strategies to protect self-esteem
44
What is the term for Freud's theory that every individual progresses through five stages of psychosexual development?
A. Libido theory
B. Developmental psychology
C. Psychosexual stages
D. Psychoanalytic growth
C. Psychosexual stages
45
Adler's term for overcoming feelings of inferiority and striving for higher levels of development is:
A. Regression
B. Compensation
C. Projection
D. Fixation
B. Compensation
46
Freud’s term for redirecting socially unacceptable impulses into acceptable activities is:
A. Displacement
B. Sublimation
C. Regression
D. Rationalization
B. Sublimation
47
Adlerian therapy focuses on which of the following?
A. Analyzing dreams for hidden meanings
B. Exploring early memories to understand lifestyle
C. Encouraging unconscious material to surface
D. Utilizing hypnosis to uncover past trauma
B. Exploring early memories to understand lifestyle
48
According to Freud, which stage is characterized by a lack of sexual development focus?
A. Oral stage
B. Phallic stage
C. Genital stage
D. Latency stage
D. Latency stage
49
Adler placed greater emphasis on the role of:
A. Early sexual conflicts
B. Unconscious mental processes
C. Social influences and community life
D. Biological instincts
C. Social influences and community life
50
Freud's use of hypnosis in his early career was intended to:
A. Cure physical illnesses
B. Access unconscious memories
C. Induce sleep in patients
D. Reduce anxiety levels
B. Access unconscious memories
51
Adler believed that people strive for superiority to:
A. Achieve physical strength
B. Overcome feelings of inferiority
C. Satisfy unconscious drives
D. Maintain social harmony
B. Overcome feelings of inferiority
52
Which of the following best represents Adler's idea of "lifestyle"?
A. Genetic predisposition toward behavior
B. Unconscious sexual desires
C. A person’s unique way of striving for goals
D. The moral conscience
C. A person’s unique way of striving for goals
53
Which of the following is NOT a potential
consequence of overusing defense mechanisms?
a. Enhanced ability to cope with day-to-day life.
b. Protection of the ego from excessive stress.
c. Difficulty in facing reality and problem-solving.
d. Increased tendency towards self-deception.
Enhanced ability to cope with day-to-day life.
54
How does denial function as a defense mechanism?
a. By providing a means to confront difficult emotions
b. By refusing to accept reality and avoid difficult truths
c. By facilitating open discussions about issues
d. By encouraging realistic acknowledgment of problems
By refusing to accept reality and avoid difficult truths
55
How does repression differ from suppression?
a. Repression keeps disturbing memories from awareness, while suppression is a conscious act.
b. Suppression results in behavioral changes, while repression does not.
c. Both involve the same mechanisms but vary in emotional impact.
d. Repression is always conscious, while suppression is unconscious.
Repression keeps disturbing memories from awareness, while suppression is a conscious act.
56
What characteristic defines projection as a
defense mechanism?
a. Demanding acceptance by behaving in opposition to one’s true feelings
b. Expressing feelings indirectly by ascribing them to others
c. Admitting a fault while minimizing its significance
d. Avoiding emotional distress through intellectual engagement
Expressing feelings indirectly by ascribing them to others
57
What is the function of rationalization in the
context of defense mechanisms?
a. To transform unacceptable behaviors into acceptable ones
b. To deny personal responsibility for negative outcomes
c. To reduce anxiety by reverting to earlier developmental behaviors
d. To protect self-esteem by offering logical explanations
To protect self-esteem by offering logical explanations
58
Which defense mechanism is utilized to cope with
anxiety by adopting an overly positive stance on an unacceptable situation?
a. Reaction formation
b. Projection
c. Displacement
d. Suppression
Reaction formation
59
What are the two main attitude types proposed by Jung?
a. Extraversion and Introversion
b. Rationality and Emotion
c. Intuition and Sensation
d. Thinking and Feeling
Extraversion and Introversion
60
Which psychological function is characterized as rational by Jung?
a. Feeling
b. Sensation
c. Deduction
d. Intuition
Feeling
61
What do the anima and animus represent in Jung's theory?
a. The unconscious components of opposite genders in individuals
b. The social constructs related to masculinity and femininity
c. The conscious awareness of gender roles
d. The physical traits of men and women
The unconscious components of opposite genders in individuals
62
What is the primary aim of the individuation
process according to Jung?
a. To eliminate all unconscious conflicts
b. To repress the shadow and maintain social persona
c. To establish the Self by integrating elements of the psyche
d. To strengthen the ego as the personality center
To establish the Self by integrating elements of the psyche
63
What is the main function of the persona
according to Jung?
a. To manage an individual's relations with society
b. To represent the repressed aspects of the self
c. To serve as the center of the personality
d. To express the irrational contents of the unconscious
To manage an individual's relations with society
64
Which combination of types contains the
potential for compulsive pleasure-seeking behavior?
a. Extraverted sensation type
b. Extraverted thinking type
c. Introverted intuitive type
d. Introverted feeling type
Extraverted sensation type
65
Which psychological type operates primarily on
internal principles?
a. Extraverted sensation type
b. Introverted rational type
c. Introverted intuitive type
d. Extraverted rational type
Introverted intuitive type
66
What commonality exists between Adler's theory
and humanistic psychology as per Abraham Maslow?
a. Both focus solely on unconscious motivations
b. Both emphasize individual determinants of needs and growth
c. Both methods prioritize genetic influences
d. Both disregard societal factors
Both emphasize individual determinants of needs and growth
67
What does 'feeling of community' primarily
encompass in Adlerian thought?
a. Recognition of interconnectedness and social contribution
b. Pursuit of perfection as an individual goal
c. Individual personal achievements and success
d. Belonging exclusively to a specific cultural group
Recognition of interconnectedness and social contribution
68
Which of the following concepts is central to
Adler's theory of Individual Psychology?
a. The hierarchical structure of needs in human behavior.
b. The creation and influence of fictions in personal development.
c. The role of unconscious motivations in behavior.
d. The emphasis on early childhood traumas.
The creation and influence of fictions in personal development.
69
According to Adler, what drives individuals to
develop their personality traits?
a. Societal expectations and norms
b. A lack of social interaction
c. Unexplained internal conflicts
d. A feeling of inferiority
A feeling of inferiority
70
How does Adler's view of human motivation
contrast with Freudian theories?
a. Both maintain similar views on sexual drives
b. Freud rejects the importance of societal factors in personality
c. Adler focuses on external factors rather than sexual and libido-based motivations
d. Adler emphasizes sexual drives over social influences
Adler focuses on external factors rather than sexual and libido-based motivations
71
According to Horney, what childhood experience contributes significantly to the development of perfectionism?
a. Excessive parental affection
b. Neglect from caregivers
c. Authoritarian parenting leading to feelings of worthlessness
d. Inconsistent discipline practices
Authoritarian parenting leading to feelings of worthlessness
72
What is the primary cause of basic anxiety
according to Horney?
a. Cultural expectations
b. Peer relationships
c. Personal failures
d. Family conditions
Personal failures
73
How does Horney's concept of 'womb envy' differ
from traditional Freudian views on women?
a. It suggests that women lack agency.
b. It acknowledges men's feelings of envy towards women's reproductive capabilities.
c. It asserts that women's worth is determined by their ability to bear children.
d. It proposes that women's psychology is solely influenced by men.
It asserts that women's worth is determined by their ability to bear children.
74
What is one of the characteristics of people who
move toward others?
a. They often act in self-interest.
b. They develop independent personalities.
c. They strive for power and control.
d. They suppress aggressive tendencies.
They suppress aggressive tendencies.
75
What does Horney identify as the main driving forces behind neurosis?
a. Rejection and approval
b. Affection and power
c. Affection and independence
d. Power and autonomy
Affection and power
76
What is the fundamental concept emphasized by object relations theory regarding early childhood relationships?
a. Early relationships significantly impact later emotional development.
b. Infants have fully conscious desires that shape their interpersonal relationships.
c. Biological drives are the primary influence on emotional development.
d. The father's role is as crucial as the mother's in early development.
Early relationships significantly impact later emotional development.
77
What crucial early time frame did Klein identify for significant emotional development?
a. The second year of life.
b. The first 4 to 6 months after birth.
c. The first month after birth.
d. The first 12 months after birth.
The first 4 to 6 months after birth.
78
How did Klein differentiate her approach from
that of Anna Freud with regard to children's capabilities?
a. She believed in using less direct methods of communication.
b. She believed children needed less analytical interpretation.
c. She focused on children’s conscious fantasies only.
d. She felt children could manage the full weight of analytical interpretations.
She focused on children’s conscious fantasies only.
79
How do girls, as per Klein’s theories, perceive
their relationship with their parents during the Oedipal crisis?
a. They feel a stronger bond with their father than their mother
b. They seek to compete for their father's affection
c. They desire to rob their mother of her uterus
d. They fear the retaliation of a nurturing father
They desire to rob their mother of her uterus
80
What does Klein mean by the term 'projective identification'?
a. A defense mechanism involving attributing personal feelings to others.
b. The inability to recognize one's own desires.
c. The act of accepting others' emotions without resistance.
d. A method of creating harmonious family dynamics.
The inability to recognize one's own desires.
81
What does the term 'splitting' imply in Klein's theory of infant development?
a. The transition from dependency to independence
b. The development of a cohesive self-concept
c. The inability to hold contradictory feelings simultaneously
d. The integration of conflicting emotions into a single reality
The inability to hold contradictory feelings simultaneously
82
What duality does Klein suggest is significant for the infant in relation to the mother’s breast?
a. It embodies joy and hostility
b. It represents both abandonment and security
c. It is both the source of nourishment and aggression
d. It signifies independence and dependence
It is both the source of nourishment and aggression
83
Which of the following statements best describes the receptive character type?
a. They actively provide support in relationships and communities.
b. They demonstrate resilience by overcoming personal challenges.
c. They exhibit dependence and need for ongoing support.
d. They are confident and independent decision-makers.
They exhibit dependence and need for ongoing support
84
What character type is described as having an unhealthy attachment to material items and feeling secure only when surrounded by possessions?
a. Marketing type
b. Productive type
c. Opportunistic type
d. Hoarding type
Hoarding type
85
What is meant by 'frame of orientation' in Fromm's theory?
a. A roadmap for navigating personal relationships.
b. A consistent philosophy to navigate the world.
c. A strategy for overcoming basic anxiety.
d. Understanding individual psychological disorders.
A consistent philosophy to navigate the world.
86
How do masochism and sadism relate to Fromm's concept of authoritarianism?
a. They both embody complete independence.
b. They are manifestations of productive love.
c. They encourage personal growth and responsibility.
d. They represent two extremes of uniting with power.
They represent two extremes of uniting with power.
87
What does Carl Rogers believe is essential for self-actualization?
a. Positive self-regard
b. Acknowledgment of past failures
c. Conformity to social norms
d. External validation from society
Positive self-regard
88
What is the consequence of unconditional positive regard during therapy?
a. It guarantees a quick resolution of all psychological issues.
b. It creates a space for clients to explore their feelings openly.
c. It encourages the client to suppress all feelings.
d. It may allow clients to exhibit harmful behaviors without critique.
It creates a space for clients to explore their feelings openly.
89
How does positive punishment function in a workplace scenario?
a. By berating employees in front of colleagues.
b. By providing incentives for meeting deadlines.
c. By giving pay cuts to employees for timely project submission.
d. By making an employee feel valued during performance reviews.
By berating employees in front of colleagues.
90
Which of the following describes a fixed-interval schedule?
a. Reinforcement after a variable amount of time.
b. Reinforcement based on a varying number of responses.
c. Reinforcement based on a specific action completed.
d. Reinforcement occurs after the first response in a specific time period.
Reinforcement occurs after the first response in a specific time period.
91
After observing a behavior, what is the primary challenge if the observer cannot remember what they witnessed?
a. Motivation
b. Retention
c. Reproduction
d. Attention
Retention
92
Which factor is less likely to increase the likelihood of a behavior being imitated?
a. The observer admires the model's social status
b. The observer lack confidence in their own abilities
c. The model has been rewarded for their behavior
d. The model is perceived as warm and nurturing
The model has been rewarded for their behavior
93
Which factor is NOT typically associated with increasing the likelihood of behavior imitation?
a. Observing others being reprimanded
b. Previous rewards for imitating similar behavior
c. Seeing someone in a high social position receive rewards
d. Familiarity with the behavior being demonstrated
Seeing someone in a high social position receive rewards
94
Which strategy best illustrates how observational learning can be used to minimize
negative behaviors in a workplace setting?
a. Showing examples of peers being reprimanded for poor performance
b. Discussing past mistakes openly in meetings
c. Providing recreational breaks for employees
d. Rewarding employees for meeting deadlines
Rewarding employees for meeting deadlines
95
In which context is ambivalent attachment most likely to arise?
a. Children who are overly secure in their relationships.
b. Children exposed to a variety of attachment figures.
c. Children receiving consistent caregiving.
d. Children experiencing neglect or unavailability from caregivers.
Children experiencing neglect or unavailability from caregivers.
96
What distinguishes reinforcement value from behavior potential in Rotter's theory?
a. Reinforcement value is a reflection of societal opinions, while behavior potential is personal.
b. Reinforcement value measures overall success rates, whereas behavior potential gauges response possibility.
c. Reinforcement value focuses on the timing of rewards, while behavior potential considers immediate action.
d. Reinforcement value compares personal preferences against all possible reinforcements.
Reinforcement value compares personal preferences against all possible reinforcements.
97
What does the concept of 'locus of control' primarily relate to in behavioral prediction?
a. The way personality traits are measured.
b. The effectiveness of cognitive therapy techniques.
c. The impact of cognitive biases on decision making.
d. The belief in personal control over life events and health behaviors.
The belief in personal control over life events and health behaviors.
98
Which element is NOT a part of the basic prediction formula in behavior prediction?
a. Perceived goals
b. Behavior potential
c. Reinforcement value
d. Expectancy
Perceived goals
99
In the context of needs, what does the term
'need value' represent?
a. The effectiveness of reinforcement strategies.
b. The total number of behaviors an individual can perform.
c. The extent of preference for certain reinforcements.
d. The importance of social acceptance.
The extent of preference for certain reinforcements.
100
How does the Dichotomy Corollary influence decision-making in everyday scenarios?
a. It emphasizes the importance of positive constructs only.
b. It promotes the idea that decisions should be made spontaneously.
c. It highlights that every construct has both advantages and disadvantages.
d. It suggests that all choices are equally beneficial.
It highlights that every construct has both advantages and disadvantages.
101
How does the Experience Corollary contribute to personal growth?
a. It encourages a static view of experiences.
b. It limits the application of constructs to past experiences only.
c. It facilitates learning through repeated encounters with varied outcomes.
d. It discourages changes in personal constructs.
It facilitates learning through repeated encounters with varied outcomes.
102
If you were a psychoanalyst who strictly adheres
to Freudian principles, you would probably believe that:
A. People are innately conflicted individuals who need to be analyzed
B. People are self-determined beings who are guided by internal psychic structures
C. People are pre-determined both by unconscious forces and cultural influences
D. People’s most important periods of development start in the early 4-6 months of life
People are innately conflicted individuals who need to be analyzed
103
Every time Robin breaks up with a guy she’s
dating, she manifests peculiar behaviors which she does to cope with the
emotional pain. For days she would start to forget about self-care, would eat
and eat till she gets bloated, and would refuse to go to work. This is concerning for her friends because from a very well-mannered lady, she becomes
a slob. Freud would see this as a classic case of:
A. Somatization
B. Denial
C. Regression
D. Depersonalization
Regression
104
When someone develops depression after the loss
of a loved one, Freud and his colleagues would explain that the person engages
in:
A. Denial and Projection
B. Regression and Introjected Loss
C. Reaction Formation and Projection
D. Projected Loss and Denial
Reaction Formation and Projection
*blaming oneself for what happened
*Turning the emotion inward
*Symbolic Loss: Losing your job might mean losing your child
105
Which of the following statements is TRUE?
A. When anxiety arises, the super-ego erects anti-cathexis to protect the person
B. It is the Id who is responsible for giving realistic anxieties to the ego
C. The id, ego, and super-ego all exist as theoretical psychic structures located in the brain
D. The ego borrows psychic energy from the id to do higher level functions
The ego borrows psychic energy from the id to do higher level functions
*Anti-Cathexis means blocking of the psychic energy
*It is the Id who is responsible for giving NEUROTIC anxieties to the ego
*When anxiety arises, the EGO erects anti-cathexis to protect the person
106
Which is a LEAST likely criticism about
psychoanalytic theory and its offshoots?
A. It paints a very pessimistic picture about human nature and development
B. It relies too much on theory and untested hypothesis
C. It emphasizes too much on the role of events which we do not have control over
D. It promoted the idea that a person has to be psychoanalyzed once to be healthy
It promoted the idea that a person has to be psychoanalyzed MULTIPLE TIMES to be healthy
107
A client went to a psychologist to talk about
his personal problems. The client talked about how problematic his present life
had become and how he has failed in work, family life, and relationships w/
friends. The psychologist, who was a practitioner who followed Adlerian
principles, would MOST LIKELY look at the client’s behavior:
A. As the product of pre-determination and biological influence
B. As associated with how the client currently perceives his past
C. As the connection between external forces and associated responses
D. As the outcome of not being provided care, love, safety, and satisfaction
As associated with how the client currently perceives his past (EARLY RECOLLECTION)
108
Which of the following statements is TRUE for
Adlerian theory?
A. Without our feelings of inferiority, we would not set a goal of superiority/success
B. A feeling of community is the ultimate goal for each individual
C. Our own striving for meaning drives our behavior
D. People were driven by causal forces and that most behavior were non-purposeful
Without our feelings of inferiority, we would not set a goal of superiority/success
109
Understanding the human personality through an
Adlerian lens requires you to:
A. Examine the person’s life as a whole and relating it to the social system he/she is in
B. Look at internal psychodynamic structures and how these affect his/her subjective perception
C. Examine the cultural forces influencing his/her personality development and how attachment figures come into play
D. Look at how the person continually constructs and re-constructs aspect of the world to explain behavior
Examine the person’s life as a whole and relating it to the social system he/she is in
110
Benny feels helpless. For most of his life, he
has been a very sickly boy. Unable to cope with his dilemma, he thinks he
cannot do anything and feels that he will fail even if he tries his best. He
spends his days wallowing in self-pity. As an Adlerian, you might predict that
Benny:
A. Might develop a superiority complex that eventually develops into neurotic behavior
B. Might develop a pampered style of life where he feels as if he has a right to everything
C. Might become successful and overpower his inferiority feelings
D. Might be someone who strives for personal superiority born out of an inferiority complex
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Jella has doubts that she will be a failure when
it comes to love. Thus, when someone tries to court her, she does nothing about
the suitor for fear that it might confirm her doubts about herself. This leads
her to not risk any relationship at all. Adler would see this as a case of:
A. Standing Still
B. Hesitating
C. Self-Accusation
D. Constructing Obstacles
Standing Still
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