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Motor control and learning > Theories of motor control > Flashcards

Theories of motor control Flashcards

1
Q

A set of ideas that explain a phenomenon

A

A theory

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2
Q

How the nervous system produces coordinated movement to successfully perform a variety of motor skills

A

Motor control theory

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3
Q

Planning and execution of coordinated motor skills

A

Coordinated functional movement

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4
Q

Acquisition of skilled movement as a result of practice

A

Motor learning

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5
Q

There is no single solution to a given problem of motor control

A

Kinematic Redundancy

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6
Q

Which theory of motor control relies on Sensory input?

A

Reflex theory

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7
Q

Which theories of motor control rely on CNS input?

A

Hierarchical
Motor programming theory
Dynamic systems theory

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8
Q

A feedback control system as a way for the CNS to control motion

A

Reflex theory

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9
Q

A reflex requires what three structures?

A

A receptor
A conducting nervous pathway
An effector

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10
Q

According to the hierarchical theory, which part of the brain governs the function of the brain?

A

Frontal cortex

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11
Q

What are the areas of the brain according to the hierarchical theory?

A

Higher
Middle
Lower

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12
Q

Motor control emerges from ______ that are nested within ______of the nervous system.

A

Reflexes

Hierarchically organized levels

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13
Q

Higher areas of the brain ____ lower reflex centers.

If there is pathology of the brain, what happens?

A

Inhibits

Reflexes may reappear.

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14
Q

What is the order of postural reflex development?

A

Primitive-> Righting reactions -> equillibrium reactions

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15
Q

In reflex theory, the use of ____ is of primary importance.

A

Peripheral Feedback

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16
Q

In the motor programming model, ___ is of primary importance.

A

Central control.

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17
Q

In the motor programming theory, it is believe that there is a ______ that stores info needed to perform action.

A

Central memory representation.

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18
Q

_____ control synergistic, rhythmic pattern of gait.

A

CPGs

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19
Q

Intensity of a stimulus modulates _____

A

Speed

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20
Q

Reaction time for complex movements is

A

Longer

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21
Q

What 4 samples of evidence led to concept of motor program?

A

CPG
Deaffrentation studies
Reaction time studies
Feedback processing studies

22
Q

What accounts for the diminished role of peripheral input and the apparent pre-planning for movement

A

Motor program

23
Q

In feedback processing studies, what happened to muscles when person was told to stop mvmt?

A

They fired during first 100 milliseconds although no mvmt was taking place.

24
Q

What does feedback processing study show?

A

The brain is prepared to move due to central processing.

25
Q

The generalized motor program is a representation of

A

The memory of Broad features of class of actions

26
Q

What are the invariant features of mvmt?

How bout parameters of mvmt.

A

Characteristic of mvment that stays the same.

Characteristic of mvmt that makes it specific.

27
Q

A deficiency of the simple motor-program notion, which presumes the need for a vast memory capacity to store separate programming for controlling the nearly infinite number of movements people are able to produce.

A

Storage problem

28
Q

A deficiency of the simple motor-program notion, which presumes that people are unable to produce novel movements or unpracticed variations of learned movements because they have not developed specific motor programs for producing them.

A

Novelty problem

29
Q

The components of a control system that can very independently and that are controlled to produce effective action.;The degree to which we are able to unconsciously adapt a motor program to fit with the environment

A

Degree of freedom

30
Q

Mvmt. With same order of contractions and same firing rations have

A

Same temporal structure and are assumed to be produced by same motor program.

31
Q

What are the similarities and differences between a walking and running motor program?

A

They have the same order of firing but parameters are added to change speed.

Shows how we store broad aspects of a program

32
Q

Relative force produced by each muscle remains

A

Proportional

33
Q

What are the invariant features of mvmt?

A

Spatial order of components

Relative Force

Temporal Structure or phasing

34
Q

What are examples of some mvmt parameters?

A

Overall duration
Overall force
Muscle selection
Movement direction

35
Q

Who came up with the systems theory?

A

Nicholas Bernstein (Distributed model of control)

36
Q

What is the systems theory?

A

Mvmts not driven peripherally or centrally but emerge as result of interaction of systems

37
Q

Each part of a system contributes to ______ in a movemnt.

A

Different aspects of control

38
Q

Complex systems exhibit a

A

Self-organizing principle

39
Q

What acts to reorganize a system>?

A

Control parameters

40
Q

Predicts discrete changes in behavior resulting from changes in dynamics of movemtn system.

A

Dynamical action model.

41
Q

___ influences what happens as velocity increases (example)

What is this known as?

A

Biomechanical factors. (speed of finger tapping)

Known as a control factor

42
Q

The best way to learn an activity is to practice that activity.

A

Task-oriented approach

43
Q

What concepts does the task oriented approach draw from?

A

Dynamic systems. Try to develop part of brain that puts everything into context.

44
Q

who proposed feedback control system as way for CNS to control limb motion?

which theory is this?

A

Sir charles Sherrington

reflex theory

45
Q

Who proposed brain has higher, middle, lower areas? what theory is this

A

Hughlings Jackson

Hierarchical theory

46
Q

Who influenced Neural developmental treatment?

A

Karl and Bertha BOBATH

47
Q

Who influenced PNF

A

KABAT/KNOTT/VOSS

48
Q

who ran reaction time studies?

A

Henry and Rodgers

49
Q

In CPGs, how did intensity of stimulus modulate speed?

A

weak stimulation produced walking gait
stronger stimulation produced trotting

strongest stimulation produced gallop

50
Q

who cut dorsal roots of SC in monkeys? for what

A

Taub and biz

deafferentation studies that eliminated afferent input

51
Q

Control the synergistic, rhythmic pattern of gait, which are innate and built into the
architecture of the spinal cord

A

CPG

52
Q

we learn the spatial order of the movement, how far we need to move in space to create a motor program

A

Order of the movement components

Motor control and learning (4 decks)

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