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Motor control and learning > neuro plasticity > Flashcards

neuro plasticity Flashcards

1
Q

The capacity for Brain remodeling is

A

lifelong

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2
Q

Cortical representation can be __ and ____ in the adult system

A

altered and remodeled

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3
Q

Plasticity in individual neurons detected through

A

1) Increase neuronal excitability
2) Dendritic arborization
3) Increase in spine density
4) Increase in synapses

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4
Q

What happens during long term potentiation?

A

Glutamate NMDA are stimulating causing silent Glutamate AMOA receptors to bind making glutamate available to bind.

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5
Q

Synthesis of protein promotes

A

growth of new synaptic connections (Spines)

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6
Q

Who did research work in developing neuroplasticity in sensory cortex?

A

Michael Merzenich

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7
Q

The brain’s ability to adaptively revise its processing machinery through out life

A

Brain plasticity

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8
Q

a contribution to age-related cognitive and motor decline and its impact on the decline of function in aging

A

Negative plasticity

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9
Q

explain what happened in digital amputation?

A

amputated 3rd finger of monkey->did electron mapping-> saw that lack of sensory input caused brain to reorganize making sensory from fingers 2+4 compensate for loss of 3.

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10
Q

Explain what happened in digital syndactyly?

A

3+4 finger sewed together-> electron mapping-> Brain responds to both areas of 3/4 map because there was no bouncdary. Brain changed due to distorted input

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11
Q

Explain differential stimulation training task?

A

Monkey kept finger on rotating disk practicing 2 hrs a day. tips of finger became more sensitive to stimulation in map. Expansion of cortical areas because of more devotion to stimulation.

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12
Q

What was discovered from results of differential simulation training task?

A

1: Plasticity possible in adults
2: Plasticity associated with activity and training (spatial input)

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13
Q

in terms of timing, Inputs that are ______ are represented together

A

Active synchronously

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14
Q

What was done to discover timing of inputs?

A

monkey stimulated on and PIP+DIP for 4-6 weeks 300x a day.

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15
Q

What are results of timing of inputs?

A

Stimulation of one finger eventually activated cortical representation of all fingers.

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16
Q

In motor cortex studies, who were the main researchers?

A

Randy Nudo and Jeff Kleim

17
Q

What happened in motor cortex plasticity training?

A

3 monkeys trained on digit training task
1 monkey did repetitive sup/pro of forearm
3 control monkeys

18
Q

In motor cortex plasticity training what happened to the monkeys with ditgit training?

A

most of cortex devoted to digits while the wrist has less cortex. competition for neuro territory

19
Q

In motor cortex plasticity training what happened to the monkey who did sup/pro?

A

Decrease in cortex devotion to finger but increase in forearm

20
Q

In motor cortex plasticity training what happened to the control monkeys

A

Had same maps pre and post.

21
Q

In terms of motor cortex plasticity.

There is a _______ of the motor system.

who is researcher for this?

A

use-dependent reorganization.

USE IT OR LOSE IT.

Nudo

22
Q

Do non-skilled repetitive tasks result in brain map changes?

who is researcher?

A

naw

PAultz + Kleim

23
Q

What are methods to study Neuroplasticity in humans?

A

fMRI

PET

24
Q

What is TMS?

A

transcranial Magnetic Stimulation

25
Q

What happens with TMS?

A

brain stimulated and MRI used to move TMS could to mark where there is stimulation.

this is connected to EMG to see body part that is moving.

26
Q

Who used TMS to study cortical plasticity?

A

Liepert

27
Q

Compared to the non-casted leg, the cortical area responding to stimulation of
the Tibialis Anterior was ____ on casted leg?

A

reduced

28
Q

in TMS study, Reduction in sensory representation correlated with

A

duration of immobilization.

29
Q

Explicit/implicit knowledge

A

pascual leone

30
Q

What happened in leones study?

A

Pts. who received sequence had shorter reaction times and increase in maps of cortical output. making info explicit knowledge.

31
Q

What happened after the implicit/explicit study?

A

maps went back to baseline

32
Q

Changes in motor cortex during motor learning are _____. What are they related to?

A

dynamic and mutable

the attainment of a skill

33
Q

What areas does plasticity occur in?

A

neuronal
axonal
cellular

34
Q

make sure u know these pppl.

A 
Merznich
NUDO
Kleim
Leone
Leipert

Motor control and learning (4 decks)

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