Theories Of Learning Flashcards
What is operant conditioning ?
Operant conditioning based on skinners work is the use of reinforcement to ensure the correct response are repeated. It is characterised by 3 key features:
Trial and error
Coach can manipulate the environment
Shapes behaviour by reinforcement
How does the operant conditioning theory work ?
Is it based on strength int the stimulus response bond
1) Positive reinforcement: pleasant stimulus such as praise / reward
2) negative reinforcement: promotes correct actions by removing an unpleasant stimulus such as a coach stops shouting at you
3) weakening a stimulus response bond by using punishment: using an unpleasant stimulus to prevent the incorrect action from happening e.g. substituted off the field
Apply the operant conditioning to a sport
Positive reinforcement: When a player uses the correct timing on an attacking sprint
Negative reinforcement: Having a coach shout at you every time you make the incorrect pass but when you make the correct pass the coach stops shouting at you
Punishment: The coach starts shouting at you when you make the incorrect run in football
What is banduras observational learning ?
A theory which suggests that both acceptable and unacceptable behaviour can be learned by watching and copying other people e.g. copying the signature Ronaldo goal celebration
What is attention in observational learning ?
Making the demonstration attractive to the performer so that the athlete picks up on the important cues and remembers them
What is retention in the observational learning theory
Remembering the demonstration and being able to recall it
What is motor production in the observational learning theory ?
Having the mental and physical capability to complete the task
What is the motivation in the observation learning theory ?
Having the drive and energy to do the task
Model demonstrations and behaviours are likely to be copied if:
They are relevant
They are consistent
They are powerful, visually and physically
They are reinforced
What is the social development theory by Vygotsky ?
Learning by associating with others
In sport skills can be learned from others such as coaches or teachers, these individuals are known as MKO (more knowledgable others)
What does an MKO do ?
An MKO gives direct examples and advice but also influences the learner by demonstrating values and actions such as high degree of effort.
During development the skills are learnt from the MKOs through a process called inter-phycological learning
What is inter-phycological learning ?
Learning from others externally
What is intro-phycological learning ?
Learning from within and gaining external knowledge from others
After external advice has been absorbed learning can start to take place from within
What is constructivism ?
Building up learning in stages, based on the current level of performance
