Skill Characteristics Flashcards
What are the characteristics of a skill ? ACE FACE
A - aesthetically pleasing
C - consistent
E - efficient
F - fluent
A - accurate
C - controlled
E - economical
What is a skill ?
The learned ability to bring about predetermined result with the minimum outlay of time, energy or both
What is an open skill ?
A skill performed in an unpredictable environment
What is a closed skill ?
A skill performed in a predictable environment
What is a gross skill ?
A skill that uses large muscle group
What is a fine skill ?
A skill that uses smaller muscle groups
What is a self paced skill ?
When the performer controls the start and speed of the skill
What is an externally paced skill ?
When the performer has no control over the start and the speed of the skill
What is a serial skill ?
A skill that contains several discrete skills in order to make a more integrated movement
What is a low organised skill ?
A skill that is easily broken into parts
What is a high organised skill ?
A skill that is nit easily broken into parts
What is a simple skill ?
A skill that requires few decisions when being performed
What is a complex skill ?
A skill that requires decision making using lots of information when performed
What is a discrete skill
A skill that has a clear beginning and end
What is positive transfer
Positive transfer is when the learning of one skill aids in the learning of another skill. This tends to happen when the sport or the movement is sports are similar e.g. a netball pass is similar to a basketball pass
What is negative transfer
When the learning of one skill hinders the learning of another. E.g. badminton and tennis are similar but a tennis net is much lower causing a tennis player playing badminton to hit the puck too low
What is zero transfer
When the learning of one skill has no impact on the learning of another. E.g. learning to rock climb and learning to swim
What is bilateral transfer
When the learning of one skill is passed across the body from limb to limb e.g. a right footed football player can transfer the skills from his right foot onto his left foot
How could a coach ensure positive transfer
Positive transfer can be encouraged by making sure that training is realistic, so that the use of cones or dummies are replaced by real people
What are the 3 different types of practise
Whole practise
Whole part whole practise
Progressive part practise
What is whole practise
Practising the skill in its entirety without breaking it down into its sub routines
When would whole practise be used
The skill is fast, ballistic and discrete such as the sharp action of a tennis serve
The skill is highly organised and cannot be broken down into sub routines
The performer is advanced in the autonomous stage of learning, when movement is detailed and precise, and able to cope with the demands of the whole task
What are the advantages and disadvantages to using whole practise
Advantages:
Whole practise can be stored as a motor programme which is stored in the long-term memory, this is useful when the skill needs to be recalled from memory and performed
More realistic so it helps the positive transfer of skills from the training ground onto the field
Whole practise help make the skill consistent
Disadvantages:
May place unnecessary demand on the performer who may not be able to perform the whole aspect of the skill especially if they’re a beginner
Possibility of fatigue If the performer doesn’t have a rest
Performer may have a specific aspect of weakness in which case whole-part-whole is more efficient
What is whole part whole practise
Where the player attempts the whole skill to get a feel for it, identify where the weakness are and practise those weaknesses separately. Then put the skill back together
What are the advantages and disadvantages of whole-part-whole practise
Advantages:
Shows weaknesses and corrects them
Provides motivation when a long standing weakness is corrected
Disadvantages:
Time consuming
Some skills cannot be broken down
What is progressive part practise
Practising the first part of the skill then adding parts gradually. Sometimes called chaining
What is chaining
Linking the sub-routines, or parts of a task, together in order when practising. The first two parts are learned, then the third part is added; that part is learned and added to the first two, and so on
What are the advantages and disadvantages too progressive part practise
Advantages:
Keeps links between parts
Stages of success give motivation
Reduces anger
Reduces fatigue
Focuses on weakness
Disadvantages:
Time consuming
If the first part is incorrect, all is lost
Negative transfer
What is massed practise
Practise with no rest intervals
What are the advantages and disadvantages to massed practise
Advantage:
Forms motor programmes
Increases fitness
Enhances over learning
Good for habitual response
Efficient
Disadvantages:
Not time for feedback
Fatigue
Too demanding
What is distributed practise
Practise with rest intervals between sessions
What are the advantages and disadvantages to distributed practise
Advantages:
Allows recovery
Less mental practise
Allows mental rehearsal / feedback
Reduces danger
Disadvantages:
Time consuming
negative transfer
What is varied practise
Changing the skills and drills, changing the type of practise
What are the advantages and disadvantages to varied practise
Advantages:
Builds a schema
Gives motivations
Allows adaption
Disadvantages:
Time consuming
Possibility of negative transfer
Fatigue
Too demanding
What is mental practice
Go over it in the mind without movement
What are the advantages and disadvantages to mental practise
Improves reaction times
Builds motor programmes
Builds confidence
Controls anxiety
Disadvantages:
Must be correct
Environment must be calm
