Theories of Counseling Chapter 1

Question 1

Collaborative Relationship

Answer 1

A collaborative relationship includes:

1. Teaching clients ways to use what they learn in therapy in their everyday lives.
2. Empowers clients to take an active stance in their world.

Question 2

Definition of Psychotherapy

Answer 2

Psychotherapy is a process of engagement between two people (one being a professional), both whom are bound to change through the therapeutic venture.

Question 3

Your Responsibility as a Counselor

Answer 3

• Create a climate where clients can examine their thoughts, feelings, and actions.
• Empower them to arrive at their own solutions.
• Help clients explore their beliefs and apply their values to solving problems.
• Goals must be congruent with the personal goals of the client.
• If we model authenticity clients will do the same.

Question 4

Understanding of Human Behavior

Answer 4

To understand human functioning, it is imperative to look at the person holistically:
Account for the physical, emotional, mental, social, cultural, political, and spiritual dimensions.

Question 5

Developing an Integrative Perspective

Answer 5

An integrative perspective is not developed in a random fashion; rather, it is an ongoing process that is well thought out.

Question 6

Techniques in Counseling

Answer 6

1. It is impossible to separate the techniques from your personality and the relationship you have with your clients.
2. Techniques can’t substitute for the hard work it takes to develop a client-therapist relationship.
3. Therapists should acquire a broad base of techniques that are suitable for individual clients rather than forcing clients to fit one approach to counseling.

Question 7

What is Found in Each Chapter?

Answer 7

Includes 11 approaches and the concepts of each theory:

1. The therapeutic process (including goals)
2. The client-therapist relationship
3. Specific procedures used in the practice of counseling

Question 8

Which Theories are Considered Psychodynamic Approaches?

Answer 8

1. Psychoanalytic Therapy

2. Adlerian Therapy

Question 9

Which Theories are Considered Experiential and Relationship-Oriented Approaches?

Answer 9

1. Existential Therapy
2. Person-Centered Therapy
3. Gestalt Therapy

Question 10

Which Theories are Considered Cognitive Behavioral Approaches?

Answer 10

1. Behavioral Therapy
2. Cognitive Behavioral Therapy
3. Choice Theory/Reality Therapy

Question 11

Which Theories are Considered Systems and Postmodern Approaches?

Answer 11

1. Feminist Therapy
2. Postmodern Approaches
3. Family Systems Therapy

Question 12

Psychoanalytic Therapy

Answer 12

Psychoanalytic therapy is based largely in insight, unconscious motivation, and reconstruction of the personality.

Question 13

Adlerian Therapy

Answer 13

• Adlerian focus on meaning, goals, purposeful behavior, conscious action, belonging, and social interest.
• Adlerian does not focus on unconscious dynamics.

Question 14

Humanistic Philosophy

Answer 14

Assumes that the clients have the capacity for self-direction without active intervention and direction on the therapist’s part.

Question 15

Existential Therapy

Answer 15

• Looks what what it means to be fully human.
• It emphasizes certain themes that are part of the human condition:
  1. Freedom and responsibility
  2. Anxiety and guilt
  3. Awareness of being finite
  4. Creating meaning in the world
  5. Shaping one’s future by making active choices

Question 16

Person-Centered Therapy

Answer 16

-Maintains that the quality of the client-therapist relationship is the prime determinant of the outcomes of the therapeutic process

Question 17

Gestalt Therapy

Answer 17

• Offers a range of experiments to help clients gain awareness of what they experiencing in the here and now.
• Therapist take an active role, but act as a facilitator.

Question 18

Behavioral Therapy

Answer 18

Behavioral therapy puts a premium on doing and on taking steps to make concrete changes.

Question 19

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy

Answer 19

Known as action-oriented therapies because they all emphasize translating cognitive insights into behavioral action.

Question 20

Reality Therapy

Answer 20

Reality therapy focuses on clients’ current behavior and stresses developing clear plans for new behaviors.

Question 21

Feminist Therapy

Answer 21

Emphasizes on awareness of how environmental and social conditions contribute to the problems of women and men and how gender-role socialization leads to a lack of gender equality.

Question 22

Postmodern Approaches

Answer 22

Post modern approaches assume that there is no single truth that reality is socially constructed through human interaction.

Question 23

Family Systems Therapy

Answer 23

The systems orientation stresses the importance of understanding individuals in the context of the surroundings that influence their development.

Question 24

Corey’s Overall Theoretical Perspective

Answer 24

1. Uses Existential philosophy as foundation.
2. Uses CBT approach and its techniques.
3. Agrees with holistic and postmodern perspective.
4. Believes psychoanalytic can be useful, but disagrees with in the deterministic notion.