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National Counselor Exam > Theories of Counseling and the Helping Relationship* > Flashcards

Theories of Counseling and the Helping Relationship* Flashcards

1
Q

What percentage of counselors consider themselves eclectic in theory?

A

37 percent or more.

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2
Q

Who studied under Freud and created individual psychology and analytic psychology respectively?

A

Alfred Adler and Carl Jung

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3
Q

What does transactional analysis posit?

A

There are 3 ego states: The child, adult, and the parent.

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4
Q

How do the three ego states in Transactional Analysis (TA) relate to Freud’s structural theory?

A

Analogous to the id, eg, and superego.

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5
Q

In TA and psychoanalysis, what is considered the conscience?

A

Parent and superego

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6
Q

What does Freud believe leads to development of the superego?

A

Resolution of the Oedipus/Electra complex

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7
Q

How does resolution of the Oedipus/Electra complex develop the superego?

A

Identification with the same sex parent

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8
Q

How does Freud refer to the ego?

A

executive administrator of the personality and the reality principle

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9
Q

What are Eros and Thanatos?

A

Life and Death instincts

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10
Q

What is free association?

A

Encouraging the client to say whatever is on his mind

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11
Q

What theory is systematic desensitization associated with?

A

Behavior therapy

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12
Q

Which theorists are considered to be analytic?

A

Freud, Jung, and Adler

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13
Q

Who is responsible for classical conditioning?

A

Pavlov

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14
Q

What does Freud say about dreams?

A

They have manifest and latent content.

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15
Q

What is transference?

A

When a client projects feelings towards the therapist that he originally had towards someone else.

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16
Q

Who is Little Albert?

A

A child who was used in an experiment by John B. Watson to condition fear of furry objects

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17
Q

Who is Little Hans?

A

Was used to contrast between psychoanalysis and behavior therapy

18
Q

Who is Anna O.?

A

A patient of Freud who suffered from “hysteria”

19
Q

How do psychoanalysts conduct therapy?

A

3-5 sessions a week for several years, using a couch so client can’t see therapist

20
Q

What is catharsis or abreaction?

A

Talking about difficulties in order to purge emotions and feelings

21
Q

What are the equivalents to id, ego, and superego (structural theory) in topographical theory?

A

Unconscious, preconscious, and conscious

22
Q

What is introspection?

A

A process in which the client attempts to describe his internal thoughts, feelings, and ideas.

23
Q

What is the most controversial part of Freud’s theory?

A

The Oedipus/Electra complex

24
Q

What is the most important part of Freud’s theory?

A

The unconscious mind

25
Q

What is SUDS?

A

Subjective units of distress scale

26
Q

What is the Subjective units of distress scale used for?

A

Used to form a hierarchy to perform Wolpe’s systematic desensitization.

27
Q

What is evidence for the unconscious mind?

A

Hypnosis, slips of the tongue and humor, and dreams

28
Q

What is the preconscious mind responsible for?

A

Bringing ideas to the forefront

29
Q

Defense mechanisms are the result of what?

A

Unconscious processes

30
Q

How is suppression different from repression?

A

Repression is an automatic/involuntary process.

31
Q

What is sublimation?

A

When a person acts out an unconscious impulse in a socially acceptable way.

32
Q

What is reaction formation?

A

Occurs when a person can’t accept a given impulse and thus behaves in the opposite manner.

33
Q

What is the sour grapes rationalization?

A

Saying a wonderful thing is actually distasteful to protect a bruised ego.

34
Q

What is sweet lemon rationalization?

A

Making a bad situation sound good.

35
Q

What is projection?

A

Attributing qualities of his own to others.

36
Q

What is the compensation defense mechanism?

A

Attempting to develop or overdevelop a positive trait to make up for a limitation.

37
Q

What is the purpose of interpretation in counseling?

A

Make the client aware of unconscious processes.

38
Q

Who’s work is organ inferiority?

A

Alfred Adler’s work

39
Q

Who’s work is insight attributed to?

A

Wolfgang Kohler

40
Q

What kind of psychologist is Wolfgang Kohler?

A

Gestalt

National Counselor Exam (10 decks)

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