Theories From Course overview Flashcards
Barthes - Semiotics
Texts communicate through signs
Signs give connotations and denotations
Todorov - narratology
Equilibrium Disruption Recognition Repair New-equilibrium
Neale - genre
Texts defined by conformity and divergence
Levi-Strauss - structuralism
Binary opposites
Derrida: opposites are unequal
Baudrillard - postmodernism
Hyperreality
Don’t know what’s real or fake
Hall - representation
Represented through signs
Stereotypes are powerful - occur when imbalance of power
Gauntlett - identity
Media gives us tools to make our identity
Media offers wide range of icons/role models
Van Zoonen - feminist
Gender representation dependent on culture
Western culture objectifies women
Women’s bodies represented differently to men’s bodies
Hooks - feminist theory
Feminism trying to end inequality of women
Sex/class/race all affect your exploitation
Butler - gender performativity
Your identity doesn’t dictate how you act,
How you act dictates your identity
Gilroy - ethnicity
Live in post-colonial landscape
Racial hierarchy exists
Curran and Seaton - power and media industry
Media controlled by small powerful group
Production driven by profit
Media concentration limits variety/creativity
Livingstone and Lunt - regulation
Regulation protects people, but also limits options
New media is hard to regulate
Hesmondhalgh - cultural industries
Media production is cultural industry
- operate across multiple industries
Try to minimise risk and maximize profits
Vertical and horizontal integration
Bandura - effects
Audiences imitate behaviour
Gerbner - cultivation theory
Repeating ideas are implanted in audiences
First order effects: general opinions/beliefs
Second order effects: specific judgements/ideas
Hall - reception theory
Dominant
Negotiated
Oppositional
Jenkins - fandom
Fandoms: subcultures of passionate fans
Empowered by web 3.0
Textual poaching
Shirky- end of audiences
Consumers also producers
Talk back to producers
Make changes
E.g Kendall Jenner pepsi ad pulled
All theorists
Neale genre Todorov narratology Levi-Strauss structuralism Barthes semiotics Livingstone and Lunt regulation Jenkins fandom Shirky- end of audiences Hooks feminist Gilroy ethnicity Butler - performative identity Hall reception Hall representation Gerbner cultivation Bandura effects Curran and Seaton power and media industry Hesmondhalg cultural industries Baudrillard postmodernism Gauntlett identity van Zoonen feminist
Lacey
5 aspects to genre:
setting, character, narrative, iconography, style
genres dynamic, changing over time
Maslow
hierarchy of needs:
physiological, safety, love and belonging, esteem, self-actualisation
Dyer
lines of appeal:
happy families, luxurious life, dreams, romance, elite people, glamorous places, successful careers, art/culture, nature, beautiful women, pride, comedy, childhood
Fowles
15 basic appeals
sex, affiliation, nurture, guidance, aggress, achieve, dominate, prominence, attention, autonomy, escape, feel safe, aesthetic sensations, satisfy curiosity, physiological
