Theories for punishment and the arguments for and against them.

Question 1

Four theories of punishment

Answer 1

Retribution
Deterrence
Reform
Protection

Question 2

What is Retribution?

Answer 2

The idea that punishment should make criminals pay for what they have done, it matches the crime. ‘… an eye for an eye’

Question 3

Pros and Cons for Retribution?

Answer 3

+ Considered just as it matches crime.

- Not always a deterrent, people feel they will not be punished that badly will risk committing crimes.

Question 4

What is Deterrence?

Answer 4

The idea that punishments should be of such a nature that they will put people off committing crimes. e.g Shariah Law, in Nigeria if you are caught stealing you can get your hand cut off.

Question 5

Pros and Cons of Deterrence.

Answer 5

+ Reduce crime as people do not want to face punishments

- Can be hypocritical or harsh, doesn’t give people a change to turn their life around.

Question 6

What is Reform?

Answer 6

The idea that punishment should try and change criminals so that they do not turn to crime in the future. e.g lessons in prison

Question 7

Pros and Cons of Reform.

Answer 7

+ After punishments criminals don’t turn back to crime as can get a job etc.
- Costly, doesn’t work for everyone.

Question 8

What is Protection?

Answer 8

Removing dangerous people from society. e.g prison

Question 9

Pros and Cons of Protection.

Answer 9

+ Protects people

- Doesn’t allow criminals to change etc.