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Arjun Licensing Exam Flashcards > Theories and Principles of Learning and Behavior > Flashcards

Theories and Principles of Learning and Behavior Flashcards

1
Q

The _________ mimics the ________ but __________

A

CR, UR, lesser

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2
Q

An unconditioned reflex is one that is ___________

A

Involuntary, the same for all members of a species

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3
Q

Relief

A

Negative reinforcement

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4
Q

Reward

A

Positive reinforcement

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5
Q

Bandura’s steps of observational learning

A

Attention, retention, production, motivation

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6
Q

Random behaviors are rewarded and punished, and rewarded behaviors increase

A

Thorndike’s law of effect

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7
Q

________ is accidental conditioning

A

Pseudoconditioning

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8
Q

Positive reinforcement

A

Reward

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9
Q

In habituation, a subject becomes less responsive to a ______ after _______

A

US, repeated exposure

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10
Q

Best schedule for acquiring new behaviors

A

Continuous reinforcement

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11
Q

Thorndike’s law of effect

A

Random behaviors are rewarded and punished, and rewarded behaviors increase

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12
Q

Spontaneous recovery

A

when the CR briefly reappears during extinction trials

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13
Q

The _______ response is renamed the ________ response after learning

A

unconditioned, conditioned

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14
Q

Premack principle

A

When a high frequency behavior is used to reinforce a low frequency behavior

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15
Q

In ______ schedules, the subject is reinforced based on how often they emit the target behavior, whereas in _____ schedules, the subject is reinforced once a certain amount of time has elapsed

A

ratio, interval

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16
Q

Negative reinforcement

A

Relief

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17
Q

When two behaviors have been equally reinforced and then only one is reinforced, and that behavior increases while the other decreases

A

Behavioral contrast

18
Q

In discrimination learning, the stimulus that signals reinforcement will take place is ________ while the stimulus that signals reinforcement will not take place is the _________

A

discriminative stimulus, s delta

19
Q

Loss

A

Negative punishment

20
Q

Stringing together different behaviors to accomplish a goal

A

Chaining

21
Q

_______ conditioning involves some overlap, _______ conditioning involves total overlap, and _______ conditioning involves no overlap

A

delay, simultaneous, trace

22
Q

The _______ stimulus is renamed the _______ stimulus after learning

A

neutral, conditioned

23
Q

Higher order conditioning is when…

A

…a CS is paired with a NS until it also elicits the CR

24
Q

Classical extinction happens when

A

the CS is repeatedly presented without the US

25
Q

Temporary increase in behavior after withholding reinforcement

A

Response burst

26
Q

In classical conditioning, learning is based on _________, whereas in operant conditioning, learning is based on _________

A

pairing, rewards and punishment

27
Q

Pain

A

Positive punishment

28
Q

When a high frequency behavior is used to reinforce a low frequency behavior

A

Premack principle

29
Q

Conditioning is another word for _________

A

learning

30
Q

Negative punishment

A

Loss

31
Q

__________ is when the CR briefly reappears during extinction trials

A

Spontaneous recovery

32
Q

Pseudoconditioning

A

accidental conditioning

33
Q

__________ is an automatic process in which the subject demonstrates the CR to stimuli similar to the CS, whereas _______ is a deliberate process in which the subject demonstrates the CR to new stimuli via pairing

A

Stimulus generalization, higher-order conditioning

34
Q

Positive punishment

A

Pain

35
Q

Reciprocal determination

A

Person, behavior, and environment regulate behavior

36
Q

Bandura believed we perform behavior because _______

A

we anticipate reinforcement

37
Q

Characteristics of models who are more likely to be imitated

A

High status, nurturant, of the same sex

38
Q

A conditioned reflex is one that __________

A

results from learning and experience

39
Q

The ________ stimulus must come before the ________ stimulus for learning to take place

A

neutral, unconditioned

40
Q

US -> UR when _______

A

no learning has taken place

41
Q

Rates of responding during acquisition and resistance to extinction from highest to lowest

A

Variable ratio, fixed ratio, variable interval, fixed interval

42
Q

The _______ schedule is the most scalloped

A

Fixed interval

Arjun Licensing Exam Flashcards (28 decks)

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