Biological Bases of Behavior IV: Cognitive Disorders Flashcards
rare dementia that is clinically indistinguishable from Alzheimer’s
Pick’s disease
primary neurotransmitter involved in delerium
acetylcholine
type of amnesia in korsakoff’s
anterograde
Parkinson’s is associated with degeneration of
neurons in the substantia nigra, which is in the basal ganglia
amnesia in concussions
retrograde- events just before the injury and the incident itself
intact language comprehension, speak fluently, able to execute verbal commands, but can’t repeat verbal phrases
conduction aphasia
where are plaques and tangles observed in alzheimer’s?
hippocampus and amygdala
indications of pseudodementia
acute onset with precise date, rapid progression, insight into issues
Parkinson’s dementia affects
speed of processing and executive functions
the onset of vascular dementia is
abrupt
thiamin deficiency leads to
korsakoff’s
used to treat movement components of Parkinson’s
levadopa
lack of awareness of a disability
anosagnosia
slow writhing movements
athetosis
prosopagnosia is caused by
injury to the visual association cortex
acquired partial or complete inability to read
alexia
Wernicke’s aphasia results from lesions to the
left temporal lobe
lack of foresight and concern, irresponsibility, loss of insight
frontal lobe syndrome from injury at the site of a coup or countrecoup
Neurotransmitters implicated in Huntington’s
acetylcholine and GABA
choreiform movements, athetosis, facial grimaces
Huntington’s
bradykinesia
slowed initiation of movement
severe problems with articulation, making speech slow and effortful, with intact comprehension
Broca’s
inability to carry out purposeful motor movements in the absence of motor or sensory deficits
apraxia
inability to recognize a familiar face
prosopagnosia
Parkinson’s is more common in
men (somewhat)
global aphasia results from damage to
much of the cortex
gender ratio of dementia
1:1
hydrocephalus
accumulation of CSF in the ventricles
vascular dementia results from
numerous small strokes, generalized cerebrovascular disease
memory recall in head trauma
bulk occurs within first 6-9 months
irritability and hostility
temporal lobe syndrome from injury at the site of a coup or countrecoup
dysarthria
problems with articulation
hallmarks of delerium
disturbance of consciousness with reduced ability to focus, sustain, or shift attention
disturbances in object recognition
agnosia
cognitive impairments due to depression
pseudodementia
conduction aphasia results from lesions to the
connections between expressive and receptive speech areas
contusions result from
severe blow with coup-countrecoup injuries
dementia, urinary incontinence, unsteady gait
hydrocephalus
vascular dementia is more common in
men
First sign of Huntington’s in 50% of cases
personality change
impairment in memory plus aphasia, apraxia, agnosia, or disturbance in executive functioning
dementia
alexia is commonly caused by
stroke to the dominant hemisphere
frequent, discrete, brisk jerking movements of the pelvis, trunk, and limbs
choreiform movements
most common symptoms of postconcussion syndrom
irritability, fatigue, headache, dizziness
type of amnesia in ECT
retrograde
Broca’s aphasia results from lesions to the
left frontal lobe
people with korsakoff’s frequently
confabulate
most common form of dementia
Alzheimer’s
basal ganglia involved in regulating
voluntary movement
apraxia is caused by
left-brain lesion
Alzheimer’s involves a decrease in
acetylcholine
Alzheimer’s is more prevalent in
women
no language comprehension, can’t follow verbal commands or repeat verbal phrases, speak fluently but in nonsense, unaware of their problem
Wernicke’s
drug of choice for agitated delirious patient
ativan
tremor, rigidity, bradykinesia, shuffling gait
Parkinson’s
people with korsakoff’s are especially bad at learning
paired association lists
Huntington’s Disease is associated with
the basal ganglia
