Biological Bases of Behavior IV: Cognitive Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

rare dementia that is clinically indistinguishable from Alzheimer’s

A

Pick’s disease

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2
Q

primary neurotransmitter involved in delerium

A

acetylcholine

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3
Q

type of amnesia in korsakoff’s

A

anterograde

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4
Q

Parkinson’s is associated with degeneration of

A

neurons in the substantia nigra, which is in the basal ganglia

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5
Q

amnesia in concussions

A

retrograde- events just before the injury and the incident itself

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6
Q

intact language comprehension, speak fluently, able to execute verbal commands, but can’t repeat verbal phrases

A

conduction aphasia

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7
Q

where are plaques and tangles observed in alzheimer’s?

A

hippocampus and amygdala

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8
Q

indications of pseudodementia

A

acute onset with precise date, rapid progression, insight into issues

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9
Q

Parkinson’s dementia affects

A

speed of processing and executive functions

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10
Q

the onset of vascular dementia is

A

abrupt

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11
Q

thiamin deficiency leads to

A

korsakoff’s

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12
Q

used to treat movement components of Parkinson’s

A

levadopa

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13
Q

lack of awareness of a disability

A

anosagnosia

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14
Q

slow writhing movements

A

athetosis

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15
Q

prosopagnosia is caused by

A

injury to the visual association cortex

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16
Q

acquired partial or complete inability to read

A

alexia

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17
Q

Wernicke’s aphasia results from lesions to the

A

left temporal lobe

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18
Q

lack of foresight and concern, irresponsibility, loss of insight

A

frontal lobe syndrome from injury at the site of a coup or countrecoup

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19
Q

Neurotransmitters implicated in Huntington’s

A

acetylcholine and GABA

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20
Q

choreiform movements, athetosis, facial grimaces

A

Huntington’s

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21
Q

bradykinesia

A

slowed initiation of movement

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22
Q

severe problems with articulation, making speech slow and effortful, with intact comprehension

A

Broca’s

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23
Q

inability to carry out purposeful motor movements in the absence of motor or sensory deficits

A

apraxia

24
Q

inability to recognize a familiar face

A

prosopagnosia

25
Q

Parkinson’s is more common in

A

men (somewhat)

26
Q

global aphasia results from damage to

A

much of the cortex

27
Q

gender ratio of dementia

A

1:1

28
Q

hydrocephalus

A

accumulation of CSF in the ventricles

29
Q

vascular dementia results from

A

numerous small strokes, generalized cerebrovascular disease

30
Q

memory recall in head trauma

A

bulk occurs within first 6-9 months

31
Q

irritability and hostility

A

temporal lobe syndrome from injury at the site of a coup or countrecoup

32
Q

dysarthria

A

problems with articulation

33
Q

hallmarks of delerium

A

disturbance of consciousness with reduced ability to focus, sustain, or shift attention

34
Q

disturbances in object recognition

A

agnosia

35
Q

cognitive impairments due to depression

A

pseudodementia

36
Q

conduction aphasia results from lesions to the

A

connections between expressive and receptive speech areas

37
Q

contusions result from

A

severe blow with coup-countrecoup injuries

38
Q

dementia, urinary incontinence, unsteady gait

A

hydrocephalus

39
Q

vascular dementia is more common in

A

men

40
Q

First sign of Huntington’s in 50% of cases

A

personality change

41
Q

impairment in memory plus aphasia, apraxia, agnosia, or disturbance in executive functioning

A

dementia

42
Q

alexia is commonly caused by

A

stroke to the dominant hemisphere

43
Q

frequent, discrete, brisk jerking movements of the pelvis, trunk, and limbs

A

choreiform movements

44
Q

most common symptoms of postconcussion syndrom

A

irritability, fatigue, headache, dizziness

45
Q

type of amnesia in ECT

A

retrograde

46
Q

Broca’s aphasia results from lesions to the

A

left frontal lobe

47
Q

people with korsakoff’s frequently

A

confabulate

48
Q

most common form of dementia

A

Alzheimer’s

49
Q

basal ganglia involved in regulating

A

voluntary movement

50
Q

apraxia is caused by

A

left-brain lesion

51
Q

Alzheimer’s involves a decrease in

A

acetylcholine

52
Q

Alzheimer’s is more prevalent in

A

women

53
Q

no language comprehension, can’t follow verbal commands or repeat verbal phrases, speak fluently but in nonsense, unaware of their problem

A

Wernicke’s

54
Q

drug of choice for agitated delirious patient

A

ativan

55
Q

tremor, rigidity, bradykinesia, shuffling gait

A

Parkinson’s

56
Q

people with korsakoff’s are especially bad at learning

A

paired association lists

57
Q

Huntington’s Disease is associated with

A

the basal ganglia