theories and laws explained Flashcards
The volume of a gas is directly proportional to its temperature when pressure and amount of gas are constant.
Charles’ Law
The pressure of a gas is inversely proportional to its volume when temperature and amount of gas are constant.
Boyle’s Law
When you increase the concentration of reactants, equilibrium shifts to balance it.
Le Chatelier’s Principle
Light is absorbed by a material, leading to a chemical reaction.
Grotthuss–Draper Law
Oxygen dissolves more in cold water than in warm water.
Henry’s Law
The mass of copper deposited in electrolysis increases as current increases.
Faraday’s Law of Electrolysis
The vapor pressure of a solution decreases when a solute is added.
Raoult’s Law
Energy in a system remains constant, only transforming forms.
Law of Conservation of Energy
A chemical reaction occurs faster at higher temperatures due to molecule collisions.
Collision Theory
A drop of ink spreads through water without stirring.
Fick’s Laws of Diffusion
A metal wire glows red when current passes through it.
Joule’s Law
The number of molecules in 22.4 L of any gas at STP is the same.
Avogadro’s Law
The total pressure of a gas mixture is the sum of partial pressures.
Dalton’s Law
A heated metal expands because atoms move more freely.
Kinetic Theory of Matter
Water boils at a lower temperature at high altitudes.
Boyle’s Law
If energy is added to a system, part of it becomes unusable due to disorder.
Second Law of Thermodynamics
When light passes through a prism, it splits into different colors.
Dispersion
A salt lowers the freezing point of water.
Raoult’s Law
Adding a catalyst speeds up a reaction without being consumed.
Catalysis Theory
A metal’s resistance increases as its temperature rises.
Wiedemann–Franz Law
The volume of a gas increases when its absolute temperature increases.
Charles’ Law
The same amount of heat is produced whether hydrogen burns directly or through intermediate reactions.
Hess’s Law
A liquid’s boiling point increases when pressure increases.
Le Chatelier’s Principle
A solid turns into a gas without becoming liquid first.
Sublimation
The entropy of a perfect crystal at absolute zero is zero.
Third Law of Thermodynamics
A heavier isotope of an element diffuses slower than a lighter one.
Graham’s Law of Diffusion
When a gas expands without exchanging heat, it cools down.
Joule-Thomson Effect
Electric current is directly proportional to voltage and inversely proportional to resistance.
Ohm’s Law
A reaction’s rate is proportional to the product of reactant concentrations.
Law of Mass Action
A liquid rises in a narrow tube due to adhesive and cohesive forces.
Capillary Action
