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Abnormal Child Psychology > Theories and Causes > Flashcards

Theories and Causes Flashcards

1
Q

Theory

A

Allows us to assemble and communicate existing knowledge effectively

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2
Q

Transaction

A

Interaction of child and environment contributing to disorder development

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3
Q

Continuity

A

Developmental changes are gradual and quantitiative, predictive of future behaviour

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4
Q

Discontinuity

A

Changes are abrupt and qualitative, not predictive of future behaviour

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5
Q

Adaptational failure

A

Failure to master or progress in accomplishing milestones

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6
Q

Organization of development

A

Early patterns of adaptation evolve with structure over time and transform into higher order functions

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7
Q

Sensitive periods

A

Windows of time when environmental influences are enhanced

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8
Q

Developmental psychopathology

A

Approach to describing and studying disorders that stress the importance of developmental tasks

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9
Q

Developmental cascades

A

Child’s previous experience may spread across other systems and alter course of development– chain reaction

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10
Q

5th month of pregnancy

A

Most axons have reached their final destination but target cells cant accommodate them all

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11
Q

When do sensory and motor functions mature

A

First 3 years

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12
Q

Limbic system

A

Perceptual and instinctive centers strongly affected by early experience

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13
Q

When are the pre frontal cortex and cerebellum wired

A

5-7

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14
Q

When is there major brain restructuring

A

9-11 during puberty

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15
Q

How many genes do we have

A

20- 25000

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16
Q

Gene

A

Stretch of DNA that produces a protein that will shape how we respond to the environment

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17
Q

Gene Environment interaction

A

GxE– Genes influence how we respond to the environment and the environment influences our genes

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18
Q

Epigentics

A

Change in gene activity due to environmental factors

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19
Q

Behavioural genetics

A

Connections between genetic predisposition and observed behaviour

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20
Q

Molecular Genetics

A

Association between variations in DNA sequence and variations in a particular trait

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21
Q

Polygenic

A

Multiple genes and influences cause disorder

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22
Q

Brain stem

A

Autonomic functions necessary to stay alive

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23
Q

3 parts of the brain stem

A

Hindbrain
Midbrain
Diencephalon

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24
Q

Hindbrain

A

Medulla, pons, cerebellum– regulate autonomic function

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25
Midbrain
Coordinates movement with sensory input
26
RAS
Reticular Activating System for arousla and tension-- in midbrain
27
Diencephalon
Thalamus and hypothalamus-- to regulate behaviour and emotion
28
Forebrain
Highly specialized function
29
3 parts of the forebrain
Limbic system Basal ganglia Cerebral cortex
30
Limbic system
Regulate emotion, learning, impulse control and regulates basic drives
31
Basal ganglia
Regulates info for cognition, emotions, mood and motor function-- invloved in ADHD and OCD
32
Cerebral cortex
OPlanning, reason, create, memory
33
Left hemisphere
Verbal and other cognitive processes
34
Right hemisphere
Social perception and creativity
35
Frontal lobe
Thinking and reasoning helps us make sense of social relationships and customs
36
Parietal lobe
Integrate auditory, visual and tactile signals
37
Corpus Callosum
Intelligence, consciousness and self awareness
38
Temporal lobe
Emotional maturity
39
GABA
Moderates emotional response-- anxiety disorders
40
Dopamine
Switch to turn on brain circuits, pleasure seeking activity-- schizophrenia, mood disorders, ADHD
41
Norepinephrine
Alarm responses, emotional regulation
42
Serotonin
Motor coordination, sleeping, eating, anger
43
What glands release epinephrine and cortisol in response to stree?
Adrenal
44
Thyroid gland
Releases thyroxine for metabolism-- implicated in eating disorders
45
Pituitary gland
Estrogen and testosterone for regulation
46
HPA axis
Hypothalamic- pituitary- adrenal axis: Anxiety and mood disorder,involved in stress response
47
Neurotransmitters
Biochmeical connections between different brain areas
48
Brain circuit
Neurons that are more sensitive to a particular neurotransmitter cluster together
49
Emotional reactivity
Individual differences in threshold and intensity of emotional experience
50
Emotional regulation
Enhancing or inhibiting emotional arousal
51
Regulation problem
Weak or absent control structures
52
Dysregulation problem
Existing control structures operate maladaptively
53
Temperament
Organized style of behaviour that appears early in development
54
3 types of temperament
Positive affect and approach Fearful/ inhibited Negative affect/ irritable
55
Applied behaviour analysis
Behaviour is a function of antecedants and consequences
56
3 ABA operant learning principles
Positive/ negative reinforcement Extinction Punishment
57
Social learning
Considers overt behaviours and the role of cognitive mediators
58
Social cognition
How we think about ourselves and others
59
Shared environment
Factors that produce similarities in outcomes among siblings in the same family
60
Non- shared environment
Factors that produce differences in outcomes among sibling in the same family
61
Brofenbrenner's Ecological Model
Childs environment is a series of nested and interconnected structures with the child in the middle
62
Attachment
Establishing an emotional connection with parent or significant person
63
When does attachment begin?
6- 12 months
64
4 types of attachment
Secure Anxious- avoidant Anxious reistant Disorganized
65
Family systems
Can't predict behaviour in isolation from other family memebers

Abnormal Child Psychology (9 decks)

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