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Abnormal Child Psychology > Theories and Causes > Flashcards

Theories and Causes Flashcards

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1
Q

Theory

A

Allows us to assemble and communicate existing knowledge effectively

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2
Q

Transaction

A

Interaction of child and environment contributing to disorder development

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3
Q

Continuity

A

Developmental changes are gradual and quantitiative, predictive of future behaviour

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4
Q

Discontinuity

A

Changes are abrupt and qualitative, not predictive of future behaviour

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5
Q

Adaptational failure

A

Failure to master or progress in accomplishing milestones

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6
Q

Organization of development

A

Early patterns of adaptation evolve with structure over time and transform into higher order functions

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7
Q

Sensitive periods

A

Windows of time when environmental influences are enhanced

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8
Q

Developmental psychopathology

A

Approach to describing and studying disorders that stress the importance of developmental tasks

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9
Q

Developmental cascades

A

Child’s previous experience may spread across other systems and alter course of development– chain reaction

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10
Q

5th month of pregnancy

A

Most axons have reached their final destination but target cells cant accommodate them all

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11
Q

When do sensory and motor functions mature

A

First 3 years

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12
Q

Limbic system

A

Perceptual and instinctive centers strongly affected by early experience

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13
Q

When are the pre frontal cortex and cerebellum wired

A

5-7

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14
Q

When is there major brain restructuring

A

9-11 during puberty

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15
Q

How many genes do we have

A

20- 25000

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16
Q

Gene

A

Stretch of DNA that produces a protein that will shape how we respond to the environment

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17
Q

Gene Environment interaction

A

GxE– Genes influence how we respond to the environment and the environment influences our genes

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18
Q

Epigentics

A

Change in gene activity due to environmental factors

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19
Q

Behavioural genetics

A

Connections between genetic predisposition and observed behaviour

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20
Q

Molecular Genetics

A

Association between variations in DNA sequence and variations in a particular trait

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21
Q

Polygenic

A

Multiple genes and influences cause disorder

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22
Q

Brain stem

A

Autonomic functions necessary to stay alive

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23
Q

3 parts of the brain stem

A

Hindbrain
Midbrain
Diencephalon

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24
Q

Hindbrain

A

Medulla, pons, cerebellum– regulate autonomic function

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25
Q

Midbrain

A

Coordinates movement with sensory input

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26
Q

RAS

A

Reticular Activating System for arousla and tension– in midbrain

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27
Q

Diencephalon

A

Thalamus and hypothalamus– to regulate behaviour and emotion

28
Q

Forebrain

A

Highly specialized function

29
Q

3 parts of the forebrain

A

Limbic system
Basal ganglia
Cerebral cortex

30
Q

Limbic system

A

Regulate emotion, learning, impulse control and regulates basic drives

31
Q

Basal ganglia

A

Regulates info for cognition, emotions, mood and motor function– invloved in ADHD and OCD

32
Q

Cerebral cortex

A

OPlanning, reason, create, memory

33
Q

Left hemisphere

A

Verbal and other cognitive processes

34
Q

Right hemisphere

A

Social perception and creativity

35
Q

Frontal lobe

A

Thinking and reasoning helps us make sense of social relationships and customs

36
Q

Parietal lobe

A

Integrate auditory, visual and tactile signals

37
Q

Corpus Callosum

A

Intelligence, consciousness and self awareness

38
Q

Temporal lobe

A

Emotional maturity

39
Q

GABA

A

Moderates emotional response– anxiety disorders

40
Q

Dopamine

A

Switch to turn on brain circuits, pleasure seeking activity– schizophrenia, mood disorders, ADHD

41
Q

Norepinephrine

A

Alarm responses, emotional regulation

42
Q

Serotonin

A

Motor coordination, sleeping, eating, anger

43
Q

What glands release epinephrine and cortisol in response to stree?

A

Adrenal

44
Q

Thyroid gland

A

Releases thyroxine for metabolism– implicated in eating disorders

45
Q

Pituitary gland

A

Estrogen and testosterone for regulation

46
Q

HPA axis

A

Hypothalamic- pituitary- adrenal axis: Anxiety and mood disorder,involved in stress response

47
Q

Neurotransmitters

A

Biochmeical connections between different brain areas

48
Q

Brain circuit

A

Neurons that are more sensitive to a particular neurotransmitter cluster together

49
Q

Emotional reactivity

A

Individual differences in threshold and intensity of emotional experience

50
Q

Emotional regulation

A

Enhancing or inhibiting emotional arousal

51
Q

Regulation problem

A

Weak or absent control structures

52
Q

Dysregulation problem

A

Existing control structures operate maladaptively

53
Q

Temperament

A

Organized style of behaviour that appears early in development

54
Q

3 types of temperament

A

Positive affect and approach
Fearful/ inhibited
Negative affect/ irritable

55
Q

Applied behaviour analysis

A

Behaviour is a function of antecedants and consequences

56
Q

3 ABA operant learning principles

A

Positive/ negative reinforcement
Extinction
Punishment

57
Q

Social learning

A

Considers overt behaviours and the role of cognitive mediators

58
Q

Social cognition

A

How we think about ourselves and others

59
Q

Shared environment

A

Factors that produce similarities in outcomes among siblings in the same family

60
Q

Non- shared environment

A

Factors that produce differences in outcomes among sibling in the same family

61
Q

Brofenbrenner’s Ecological Model

A

Childs environment is a series of nested and interconnected structures with the child in the middle

62
Q

Attachment

A

Establishing an emotional connection with parent or significant person

63
Q

When does attachment begin?

A

6- 12 months

64
Q

4 types of attachment

A

Secure
Anxious- avoidant
Anxious reistant
Disorganized

65
Q

Family systems

A

Can’t predict behaviour in isolation from other family memebers

Abnormal Child Psychology (9 decks)

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