Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Motor Control and Motor Learning > Theories and Application Movement Systems > Flashcards

Theories and Application Movement Systems Flashcards

1
Q

What is motor control?

A

Ability to regulate or direct the mechanisms essential to movement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the 3 factors that impact movement?

A

Task, individual and environment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Within the individual factor what are the 3 things to keep in mind?

A

Sensory- perception system
Cognitive
Motor System

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the sensory- perception system?

A

Proprioception, environment, input from the sensory system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What does the cognitive aspect include?

A

Attention, motivation, planning, memory, problem solving

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is included in the motor system?

A

Muscles, joints, ROM, strength, tone, coordination, sequence (NM & MS system)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Describe the Reflex Theory

A
  • Stimulus driven (stimulus in –> response out)
  • Peripheral system dominant
  • Combination of reflexes/reactions that were chained together
  • No cognitive thought
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Describe limitations to the reflex theory

A
  1. Doesn’t account voluntary movement
  2. We can override a reflex using higher brain centers
  3. Doesn’t explain movement occurring in absence of sensory stimulation
  4. Doesn’t take into account movement that are too rapid to allow for new sensory information to impact them
  5. Doesn’t take into account new movement and applying movement in new situations
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Describe the hierarchal theory

A
  • Top down approach ( Higher cortex motor association areas –> Motor cortex –> Spinal levels –> limbs move)
  • Assumes CNS maturation is the primary agent for change in development
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What does the hierarchical theory say about damage to the CNS?

A

Results in release of control from higher centers (release of inhibition) and results in spasticity or other movement dysfunction (and return of primitive reflexes) which causes movement disorder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What does the hierarchical theory say about recovery of CNS dysfunction?

A

Is a process of the CNS regaining control (inhibition) over the lower centers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are some examples of low level reflexes?

A
  • Auditory Startle
  • Visual Tracking
  • Flexor withdrawl to pain
  • Eyes opening with stimulation opening
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are some examples of high level reflexes : Cognitive function required?

A
  • Movement to a command
  • Recognizing an object
  • Functional Object use
  • Maintaining Attention
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are some limitation to Hierarchial and reflex theory?

A
  • Does not explain dominance of reflex behavior in certain situations
  • Does not take into account environment and response
  • Biomechanical Factors are not take into account (ie limb stuck in flexion)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

When in the reflex and hierarchical theory used in PT?

A
  • Peds: Evolution of reflexes in babies
  • Gait training based on limb position
  • Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation/ Quick Stretch of muscles
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are interventions aimed at gaining and how does progression work?

A
  • Aimed to gain or regain higher level reflexes and movements in a step wise approach
  • Progression is rigid in progression (NDT)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What does Motor Programming Theory look at?

A

Both peripheral and central pieces to permit motor control. Motor program can be activated by Sensory Input or Central pieces

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

The idea that specific patterns create movements: Synergy belong to which theory?

A

Motor Programming Theory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

According to (BLANK) theory how does central pattern generators affect a motor program?

A
  • Neural circuits influence movements
  • Rhythmic input (quick stretch) can create a chain of event that permits walking, flying, breathing etc
  • Can function without the help of cortex (driven by spinal cord)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What are the limitations to Motor Programming Theory?

A

Central motor program can not be the sole determinant of action
- Gravity or fatigue affects motor program and this theory does not take this into account

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What clinical implications does Motor Programming theory have?

A
  • Do not train a single motion or isolated motion
  • stresses the importance of training the task and helping patients relearn an action
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What does the Dynamic System Theory focus on?

A
  1. Interacting systems working cooperatively to achieve movement
  2. Looks at nervous system as more of a team effort no one center is higher
  3. Focused on the interactions of multiple body systems
  4. Depending on the task, different centers may be active and in control
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Which theory takes into account motor equivalence?

A

Dynamic System theory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Which theory is non-linear?

A

Dynamic Systems Theory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Which theory allows for motor variability?

A

Dynamic Systems Theory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Degrees of Freedom belongs to which theory and what does it include?

A

Dynamic Systems
- Coordination of movement is the process of movement is the process of mastering the redundant degrees of freedom of the moving organism
- All independent variables of movement
- Work to gain control of degree of freedom over time with movement refinement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What are the 4 things the dynamic system theory takes into account?

A
  1. Musculoskeletal system
  2. Nervous system
  3. Forces of gravity & inertia along with environment
  4. Developmental status of mover’s nervous system
28
Q

According to Dynamic System theory what are the reasons for atypical movement pattern?

A
  • Result of lesion in one system
  • Result of other system working to compensate for the damage to that system
29
Q

What is the limitation to dynamic systems theory?

A

Presumed the nervous system does not play a big enough role

30
Q

What theory suggest that examination & intervention need to focus on the interaction of multiple systems?

A

Dynamic System Theory

31
Q

What theory believes variability is a good thing?

A

Dynamic systems theory

32
Q

Which theory focuses on detecting information from the environment?

A

Ecological

33
Q

What are the limitations of ecological theory?

A

Focused less on the nervous system and how the organism produced that given movement

34
Q

What is the definition of Motor Control?

A

Ability to regulate or direct the mechanisms essential to movement

35
Q

What is Independent (I) assistance?

A

Safe with no one present, no verbal cues

36
Q

What is modified independent (modI)?

A

independent but requires an assistive device or extra time

37
Q

What is distant supervision (DS)?

A

line of sight supervision, can be across the room to provide cues

38
Q

What is close supervision (CS)?

A

within arm’s reach, not touching but there for safety or provide verbal cues

39
Q

What is Contact guard (CGA)?

A

Hand on patient, not assisting

40
Q

What is minimum assistance (min A)?

A

Pt can do more than 75% of task

41
Q

What is moderate assistance (mod A)?

A

Pt is able to do 50-75% of the task

42
Q

What is maximum assistance (max A)?

A

pt is able to do 25-49% of task

43
Q

What is total assistance (total A)?

A

Pt performs less than 25% of task

44
Q

What is symmetry?

A

Equal movement left to right

45
Q

What is speed?

A

Velocity

46
Q

What is amplitude?

A

Extent or range of movement used to complete a task

47
Q

What is alignment?

A

Biomechanical relationship of body segments to one another as well as BOS, environment in order to achieve a task

48
Q

What is postural control verticality?

A

ability to orient the body in relation to line of gravity

49
Q

What is stability?

A

Ability to control the body’s center of mass in relation to base of support under conditions

50
Q

What is coordination/ Smoothness?

A

Movement is perceived to be smooth

51
Q

What is sequencing?

A

Specific order of motor output required to achieve the intended goal of an action

52
Q

What is timing?

A

Overall temporal structure of movement that includes time

53
Q

What is accuracy?

A

Closeness of a measured value to standard

54
Q

What is systom provocation?

A

Observation or pt report of symptoms movement that evokes a particular response

55
Q

What things should you look at for initial conditions?

A
  • Posture
  • Environment
56
Q

What is preparation of a task?

A

Understanding

57
Q

What should you look at for initiation of a task?

A

Changes that occur to overcome inertia of the body at rest (timing, direction, smoothness)

58
Q

What should you look for in execution of a task?

A

Intersegmental movements that allow for movement of COM into a new position (Amplitude, Direction, Speed, Smoothness)

59
Q

What should you look for at termination of a task?

A

Changes that occur to decelerate the movement of the COM as the body stabilize into a new position (timing, sequence, accuracy)

60
Q

What is a discrete task?

A

Has beginning and end

61
Q

What is a continuous task?

A

end point is determined by performed

62
Q

What is a closed environment?

A

Fixed and predictable

63
Q

What is an open environment?

A

Constantly changing

64
Q

What is stability task?

A

static BOS

65
Q

What is a mobility tasks?

A

moving BOS

66
Q

What is a non-manipulation task?

A

not using UE during movement

67
Q

What is manipulation task?

A

Movement of UE

Motor Control and Motor Learning (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions