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Motor Control and Motor Learning > Information Processing > Flashcards

Information Processing Flashcards

1
Q

What is information processing?

A

Signals or information available in the environment are taken in by humans and “processed” for the purposes of perception, decision making and action

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2
Q

What are 2 approaches for information processing?

A
  • Ecological
  • Cognitive
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3
Q

What is the ecological approach research focused on?

A

How motor systems interact most effectively with the environment to perform goal - oriented behavior

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4
Q

According to the ecological approach what is affordance?

A

Action possibility provided to individual by environment and the perception requires experience specific to task & environment

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5
Q

What is the traditional cognitive approach follow?

A

Black box model
Input (stimulus) –> human –> output (response)

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6
Q

What are the 3 stages of IP?

A
  • Stimulus identification stage
  • Response selection stage
  • Response programming stage
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7
Q

What occurs during stimulus identification stage?

A
  • Neural encoding of sensory information from: visual, auditory, proprioception, touch & vestibular sensory system
  • Results in knowing what happened in the environment
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8
Q

What are the 2 substages of stimulus identification stage?

A

Stimulus detection
Pattern recognition

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9
Q

What is the stimulus detection stage?

A

Environmental signal stimulates neurological impulses & memory is contact to associated with past

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10
Q

What is the pattern recognition stage?

A
  • Decipher pattern from stimuli in both static and dynamic conditions
  • May be genetic or learned
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11
Q

What is the response selection stage?

A

Determine what action to take in response to the stimulus

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12
Q

What is the response programming stage?

A
  • Translate the abstract idea of motion into action
  • Involves retrieval of motor program, preparation & initiation
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13
Q

What is reaction time?

A

Interval between stimulus presentation and initiation of response

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14
Q

What is a simple reaction time?

A

1 stimulus & 1 response

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15
Q

What is a Go No Go?

A

2 stimuli and 1 response

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16
Q

What is a choice reaction time?

A

2 stimulis & 2 responses

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17
Q

Clear signals, increase or decrease reaction time?

A

decrease

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18
Q

Intensity of signals, increase or decrease reaction time?

A

decrease

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19
Q

Which are we slower to respond to between visual stimuli, auditory or tactile?

A

Respond slowest to visual stimuli

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20
Q

When stimuli are simultaneously presented in more than one modality is reaction time quicker or slower?

A

quicker

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21
Q

What influence doe complex patterns have on stimulus identification?

A

Recognized with experience

22
Q

What does Hick’s law say?

A

of stimulus responses will increase the time it takes to react

23
Q

What influence does practice have on variable that influence response selection?

A

With extensive practice we can overcome Hick’s law

24
Q

How does predictability influence response selection?

A

If you anticipate what stimulus is coming you can decide on the response before the signal is given

25
Q

What influence does compatibility of stimulus have on response selection?

A

If the stimulus doesn’t make sense it will take longer

26
Q

What does increased complexity of response to program do to the reaction time?

A

increase

27
Q

What makes a movement more complex?

A
  • Increase # if movement parts
  • Movement accuracy
  • Movement duration
28
Q

What is receptor anticipation?

A

Detect upcoming event based sensory information

29
Q

What is effector anticipation?

A

Estimate the time your own movement will take

30
Q

What is perceptual anticipation?

A

Can’t directly perceive but predict from experience

31
Q

What is spatial anticipation, an anticipation of?

A
  • Type of stimulus present
  • What subsequent response would be required
32
Q

What can spatial anticipation have on reaction time?

A

May allow some response processing before stimulus have arrived therefore reducing reaction time

33
Q

What is temporal anticipation?

A

Anticipation of when stimulus will arrive can lead to large decrease in reaction time

34
Q

What is a fore period?

A

Period of time prior to stimulus onset

35
Q

What type of forepreriods cause the shortest reaction time?

A

Constant & short

36
Q

What is the benefit of anticipation on information processing?

A

Correctly anticipating can reduce reaction time

37
Q

What is the cost of incorrectly anticipating cause?

A

Increase reaction time
Increased errors

38
Q

What is serial processing?

A

Single chain
One process completed before next starts

39
Q

What is parallel processing?

A
  • Multi channels
  • Some or all processes can occur at same time
40
Q

What is the impact of controlled processing?

A
  • Requires selective attention
  • Slow process
  • Skill is not well learned
  • Serial in nature
41
Q

What is the impact of automatic processing?

A
  • Limited attention
  • Greater capacity/faster
  • Well learned skill
  • Parallel in nature
42
Q

As arousal increases our perception narrows which does what to focus and perception of stimuli?

A
  • Increase focus on stimuli relevant to task
  • Decrease perception of stimuli outside primary focus
43
Q

What negative effect does too little arousal have?

A

Not attending to relevant environmental stimuli to trigger IP

44
Q

What negative effect does too much arousal have?

A
  • Focus is narrow
  • May miss important cues
45
Q

What amount of arousal is appropriate for a fine motor task?

A

Lower arousal

46
Q

In regards to environment what type is high arousal needed?

A

Busier environments

47
Q

What is the impact of arousal on individual?

A

Novice need wider focus while experts benefit from perceptual narrowing

48
Q

What can arousal have on hyper vigilance/panic?

A

Severe stress conditions which lead to severely disrupted actions

49
Q

What is feedforward control?

A

Use previous experience to predict the consequence of received sensory information

50
Q

What is feedback control?

A

Sensory information is compared to desired state. The difference between these two states is used to update the output

51
Q
A

Motor Control and Motor Learning (9 decks)

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