Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

english CLA > theories > Flashcards

theories Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Proverbs and Idioms flashcards
1
Q

who created the behaviourist theory

A

skinner

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what theory did skinner create

A

behaviourist

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what is the behaviourist theory

A

that children learn by
-trial and error
-imitating adults or mko
-operant conditioning- positive and negative reinforcement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what theory says that children learn via
-imitating adults of mko
-trial and error
-operant conditioning

A

Behaviourist theory : skinner

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what were paul and norbury’s findings

A

that caregivers add info onto the children’s speech and writing via expansion and recasting

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

who found that caregivers add information onto children’s speech and writing via expansion and recasting

A

paul and norbury

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

who created the social interactionist theory

A

bruner

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what is the social interactionist theory

A

that social interaction is fundamental in a child’s development
bruner coined the term LASS for language acquisition support system
he said child directed speech is an important feature to help children acquire language

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what theory did Bruner create

A

social interactionist theory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what theory said that that social interaction is fundamental in a child’s development
bruner coined the term LASS for language acquisition support system
he said child directed speech is an important feature to help children acquire language

A

social interactionist theory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what theories did Chomsky create

A

the nativist theory
poverty of the stimulus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

who created the nativist theory

A

chomsky

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what is the nativist theory

A

that children have an inbuilt capacity to acquire language called the LAD
as children learn language they make virtuous errors or overgeneralisations when experimenting with language and using in non-standardly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what theory said that that children have an inbuilt capacity to acquire language called the LAD
as children learn language they make virtuous errors or overgeneralisations when experimenting with language and using in non-standardly

A

nativist theory : chomsky

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what theory did O’Grady create

A

caregiver language

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

who created the caregiver language theory

A

O’Grady

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what did O’Grady’s caregiver language theory say

A

that caregivers use shorter syntax as a form of child directed speech however often leave most un-grammatical sentences alone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what theory said that that caregivers use shorter syntax as a form of child directed speech however often leave most un-grammatical sentences alone

A

O’Grady’s Caregiver language

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

who created the Cognitive theory

A

Piaget

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what theory did Piaget create

A

Cognitive theory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what was Piaget’s cognitive theory

A

that children only understand language when they understand the concept (e.g can only use past tense when they understand the concept of time)
and there are 3 stages
-sensorimotor
-preoperational
-concrete operations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

what theory do the stages
-sensorimotor
-preoperational
-concrete operations
come under?

A

Piaget’s Cognitive theory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

what is the sensorimotor stage according to piaget’s cognitive theory

A

-approx age 0-2
-they experience the world through senses and movement
-object permanence is learnt later on in this stage
-goal directed behaviour is acquired
-they start to act deliberately and choose actions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

what stage according to piaget’s cognitive theory is
-approx age 0-2
-they experience the world through senses and movement
-object permanence is learnt later on in this stage
-goal directed behaviour is acquired
-they start to act deliberately and choose actions

A

sensorimotor stage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

what is the preoperational stage according to piaget’s cognitive theory

A

-approx age 2-7
-egocentric behaviour
-collective monologues
-sociodramatic play
-beginning of simpler classifications
-begin to talk about events that happened in the past or people not in the room

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

what stage according to piaget’s cognitive theory is
-approx age 2-7
-egocentric behaviour
-collective monologues
-sociodramatic play
-beginning of simpler classifications
-begin to talk about events that happened in the past or people not in the room

A

preoperational stage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

what is the concrete operations stage according to piaget’s cognitive theory

A

-approx age 7-11
-greater logical thought/reasoning, problem solving and considering alternate outcomes
-egocentric cognition disappears and children consider other’s viewpoints
-greater understanding of classification

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

what stage according to piaget’s cognitive theory is
-approx age 7-11
-greater logical thought/reasoning, problem solving and considering alternate outcomes
-egocentric cognition disappears and children consider other’s viewpoints
-greater understanding of classification

A

concrete operations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

what are the 3 stages according to piaget’s cognitive theory

A

-sensorimotor
-preoperational
-concrete operations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

what did clark say children experiment with

A

spatial terms due to them being relative and context dependent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

who said that children experiment with spatial adjectives due to them being relative and context dependent

A

clark

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

who made the Sociocultural theory

A

Vygotsky

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

what theory did Vygotsky create

A

the sociocultural theory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

what did Vygotsky’s sociocultural theory say

A

that children acquire values, beliefs, and problem solving through collaboration with a MKO. that community is significant in a child’s development

he also said that children have a

zone of proximal development - the ability a child has with help but is something they cannot yet do without. MKO’s do this through scaffolding

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

what theory said that children acquire values, beliefs, and problem solving through collaboration with a MKO. that community is significant in a child’s development

A

Vygotsky’s sociocultural theory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

what theory said that children have a zone of proximal development which is the ability a child has with help but is something they cannot yet do without. MKO’s do this through scaffolding

A

Vygotsky’s sociocultural theory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

who created the Taxonomy of Language

A

Halliday

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

what theory did Halliday create

A

the Taxonomy of Language

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

what does Halliday’s Taxonomy of Language say

A

that language acquisition begins before children can speak and there are different reasons for children speaking:
-instrumental
-regulatory
-interactional
-personal
-heuristic
-imaginative
-representational

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

what theory said that language acquisition begins before children can speak and there are different reasons for children speaking:
-instrumental
-regulatory
-interactional
-personal
-heuristic
-imaginative
-representational

A

Halliday’s Taxonomy of Language

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

what is the instrumental taxonomy of language

A

language used to fulfil and child’s need of food, drink or comfort

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

what is the regulatory taxonomy of language

A

language used to influence the behaviours of others
requesting, persuading or commanding other people

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

what is the interactional taxonomy of language

A

used to make contact with someone and form and develop social relationships
phatic dimensions of talk
e.g love you, mummy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

what is the personal taxonomy of language

A

used to express feelings, opinions and individual identity.
used to express the self
e.g ‘me good girl’

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

what is the heuristic taxonomy of language

A

language used to explore and gain knowledge about the environment - shows curiosity
children use language to learn: this may be questions and answer or the kind of running commentary that frequently accompanies sociodramatic play

46
Q

what is the imaginative taxonomy of language

A

language used to tell stories and jokes and to create an imaginary environment

47
Q

what is the representational taxonomy of language

A

use of language to convey facts and information
e.g ‘I’ve got something to tell you’
‘Miss Roberts said….’

48
Q

which taxonomy is language used to fulfil and child’s need of food, drink or comfort

A

instrumental

49
Q

which taxonomy is language used to influence the behaviours of others
requesting, persuading or commanding other people

A

regulatory

50
Q

which taxonomy is used to make contact with someone and form and develop social relationships
phatic dimensions of talk
e.g love you, mummy

A

interactional

51
Q

which taxonomy is used to express feelings, opinions and individual identity.
used to express the self
e.g ‘me good girl’

A

personal

52
Q

which taxonomy is language used to explore and gain knowledge about the environment - shows curiosity
children use language to learn: this may be questions and answer or the kind of running commentary that frequently accompanies sociodramatic play

A

heuristic

52
Q

which taxonomy is language used to tell stories and jokes and to create an imaginary environment

A

imaginative

53
Q

what did Katherine Nelson study and discover

A

she looked at a child’s first 50 words.
she found that 60% were nouns, followed by verbs, modifiers and finally personal / social words like hello, goodbye, please, thank-you

53
Q

which taxonomy is use of language to convey facts and information
e.g ‘I’ve got something to tell you’
‘Miss Roberts said….’

A

representational

54
Q

who found that out of a child’s first 50 words 60% were nouns, followed by verbs, modifiers and finally personal / social words like hello, goodbye, please, thank-you

A

Katherine Nelson

55
Q

what stage of development does Katherine Nelson link to

A

holophrastic stage

56
Q

what person and study does the holophrastic stage of development link to

A

Katherine Nelson’s study of a child’s first 50 words

57
Q

who created the meaning relations theory

A

roger brown

58
Q

what theory did roger brown create

A

meaning relations theory

59
Q

what did brown’s meaning relations theory study and say

A

studied two word utterances
said that when they first combine words they talk about objects: pointing, naming, location etc
they also talk about actions

60
Q

who studied and what theory talk about two word utterances and
said that when they first combine words they talk about objects: pointing, naming, location etc
they also talk about actions

A

roger browns meaning relations

61
Q

what are the 8 different meaning relations studied by roger brown

A

agent + action
negation
action + location
entity + location
recurrence
possessor + possession
nomination
agent + affected

62
Q

what are these and who created them

agent + action
negation
action + location
entity + location
recurrence
possessor + possession
nomination
agent + affected

A

the meaning relations by roger brown

63
Q

what stage of development links to roger browns meaning relations

A

two word stage

64
Q

what theory must you apply to the two word stage of development

A

roger browns meaning relations

65
Q

what do these different meaning terms mean:
-entity
-agent
-action
-attribute
-affected
-recurrence
-negation
-nomination
-possessor / possession
-location

A

entity - object
agent - person
action - verb
attribute - modifier
recurrence - requesting more /repetition
negation - denial / refusal
nomination - labelling
possessor/possession - ownership
location - where something is

66
Q

what can the stages of development only be applied to

A

grammar content

67
Q

what are the different stages of development

A

holophrastic
two word
telegraphic
post-telegraphic

68
Q

what are these
holophrastic
two word
telegraphic
post-telegraphic

A

stages of development
only applicable to grammar

69
Q

what and when is the holophrastic stage of development

A

-approx 12-18 months
-one word utterances (holophrases) mainly used to label and name objects

70
Q

what stage of development is this:
-approx 12-18 months
-one word utterances (holophrases) mainly used to label and name objects

A

holophrastic stage

71
Q

what and when is the two word stage of development

A

-approx 19-26 months
-two word combinations
-the beginning of syntactic development
-pivot and open words

72
Q

which stage of development is this:
-approx 19-26 months
-two word combinations
-the beginning of syntactic development
-pivot and open words

A

two word stage

73
Q

what and when is the telegraphic stage of development

A

-approx 2-2.5 years
-two or (mostly) three words
-minor/elliptical sentences ‘telegraphic utterances’
-content (open) words are used and function (pivot) words are often omitted
-reflects Chomsky’s Nativist Theory

74
Q

what stage of development is this:
-approx 2-2.5 years
-two or (mostly) three words
-minor/elliptical sentences ‘telegraphic utterances’
-content (open) words are used and function (pivot) words are often omitted
-reflects Chomsky’s Nativist Theory

A

telegraphic stage

75
Q

what and when is the post-telegraphic stage of development

A

-approx 3 years onwards
-syntax awareness begins
-sentences get longer and more complete
-children start to use function (pivot) words
-start to formulate requests
-expect to see overgeneralisation
-links to Chomsky’s Nativist Theory

76
Q

what stage of development is this:
-approx 3 years onwards
-syntax awareness begins
-sentences get longer and more complete
-children start to use function (pivot) words
-start to formulate requests
-expect to see overgeneralisation
-links to Chomsky’s Nativist Theory

A

post-telegraphic stage

77
Q

who created the Poverty of the Stimulus theory

A

Chomsky

78
Q

what does Chomsky’s Poverty of the Stimulus say

A

-that children are not exposed to rich enough data within their linguistic environments to acquire every feature of their language
- which may be why they overgeneralise -as they have to rely on their LAD

79
Q

what theory said
-that children are not exposed to enough data within their linguistic environments to acquire every feature of their language
- which may be why they overgeneralise -as they have to rely on their LAD

A

Chomskys poverty of the stimulus

80
Q

who created the statistical learning theory

A

Jenny Saffran

81
Q

what theory did Jenny Saffran create

A

Statistical learning

82
Q

what did Jenny Saffran’s statistical learning theory say and who did it contest

A

-contested chomsky’s poverty of the stimulus
-said that children are exposed to too much data

83
Q

what theory
-contested chomsky’s poverty of the stimulus
-said that children are exposed to too much data

A

Jenny Saffran’s statistical learning theory

84
Q

what is the mnemonic to remember the taxonomy of language

A

Really - regulatory
Interesting - instrumental
People - personal
Hide - heuristic
In - imaginative
Red - representational
Igloos - interactional

85
Q

what was Berko and Brown’s study

A

a child referred to a fish as a fis
when the adult asked if it was his fis he said no
when asked if it was his fish he said yes
this shows that although he couldn’t produce the /ʃ/ phoneme (sh) he knew it was different from /s/

86
Q

who’s study is this:
a child referred to a fish as a fis
when the adult asked if it was his fis he said no
when asked if it was his fish he said yes
this shows that although he couldn’t produce the /ʃ/ phoneme (sh) he knew it was different from /s/

A

Berko and Brown’s

87
Q

what is bleile’s theory

A

children between the ages of 2-5 often substitute fricatives and affricates for plosives
this is because they are easier to say
e.g this -> dis

88
Q

who said that children between the ages of 2-5 often substitute fricatives and affricatives for plosives
this is because they are easier to say
e.g this -> dis

A

Bleile

89
Q

what is the pneumonic for Halliday’s taxonomy of language

A

really interesting people hide in red igloos

90
Q

what was Bellugi’s theory on negative forms

A

3 stages
stage 1 - the child uses the determiners ‘no or ‘not’ at the beginning or end of a sentence (two word and telegraphic)
stage 2 - the child uses ‘no or ‘not’ inside the sentence (telegraphic)
stage 3 - the child attaches the negative to verbs securely and uses contractions standardly.
(post telegraphic)

91
Q

what theory said
there are 3 stages
stage 1 - the child uses the determiners ‘no or ‘not’ at the beginning or end of a sentence (two word and telegraphic)
stage 2 - the child uses ‘no or ‘not’ inside the sentence (telegraphic)
stage 3 - the child attaches the negative to verbs securely and uses contractions standardly.
(post telegraphic)

A

Bellugi’s negative forms

92
Q

what theories did Bellugi create

A

negative forms
pronoun use

93
Q

what theorist commented on a child’s use of
negative forms
pronouns

A

Bellugi

94
Q

what was Bellugi’s theory on pronouns

A

3 stages
stage 1 - the child uses their own name rather than pronouns (two word)
stage 2 - the child recognises the I/me pronouns though doesn’t always use them standardly (two word, telegraphic)
stage 3 - the child uses pronouns in mostly standard accusative and nominative forms and understands plurality, gender and possession (post-telegraphic)

95
Q

what theory said that there are
3 stages
stage 1 - the child uses their own name rather than pronouns (two word)
stage 2 - the child recognises the I/me pronouns though doesn’t always use them standardly (two word, telegraphic)
stage 3 - the child uses pronouns in mostly standard accusative and nominative forms and understands plurality, gender and possession (post-telegraphic)

A

Bellugi’s pronouns

96
Q

what is stage 1 in Bellugi’s pronoun theory

A

stage 1 - the child uses their own name rather than pronouns (two word)

97
Q

what is stage 2 in Bellugi’s pronoun theory

A

stage 2 - the child recognises the I/me pronouns though doesn’t always use them standardly (two word, telegraphic)

98
Q

what is stage 3 in Bellugi’s pronoun theory

A

stage 3 - the child uses pronouns in mostly standard accusative and nominative forms and understands plurality, gender and possession (post-telegraphic)

99
Q

what stage of Bellugi’s pronoun theory is this
the child uses their own name rather than pronouns

A

stage 1

100
Q

what stage of Bellugi’s pronoun theory is this
the child recognises the I/me pronouns though doesn’t always use them standardly

A

stage 2

101
Q

what stage of Bellugi’s pronoun theory is this
the child uses pronouns in mostly standard accusative and nominative forms and understands plurality, gender and possession

A

stage 3

102
Q

what is stage 1 in Bellugi’s negative forms theory

A

stage 1 - the child uses the determiners ‘no or ‘not’ at the beginning or end of a sentence (two word and telegraphic)

103
Q

what is stage 2 in Bellugi’s negative forms theory

A

stage 2 - the child uses ‘no or ‘not’ inside the sentence (telegraphic)

104
Q

what is stage 3 in Bellugi’s negative forms theory

A

stage 3 - the child attaches the negative to verbs securely and uses contractions standardly.
(post telegraphic)

105
Q

what stage of Bellugi’s negative forms theory is this
the child uses the determiners ‘no or ‘not’ at the beginning or end of a sentence

A

stage 1

106
Q

what stage of Bellugi’s negative forms theory is this
the child uses ‘no or ‘not’ inside the sentence

A

stage 2

107
Q

what stage of Bellugi’s negative forms theory is this
the child attaches the negative to verbs securely and uses contractions standardly.

A

stage 3

108
Q

what did david crystal say

A

that children use pragmatic devices to indirectly say no e.g ‘maybe’ to portray a negative response which shows greater understanding of grammar, politeness and the way society works

109
Q

who said that children use pragmatic devices to indirectly say no e.g ‘maybe’ to portray a negative response which shows greater understanding of grammar, politeness and the way society works

A

David Crystal

english CLA (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions