lexis Flashcards
positive reinforcement
aka expressive
where a caregiver uses positive wording to encourage a child’s learning
e.g ‘very good’ and ‘well done’
a form of operant conditioning
negative reinforcement
where a caregiver will correct a child to help them learn in the hope that the child will imitate this behaviour
a form of operant conditioning
operant conditioning
where a child tries out all sorts of utterances and is conditioned to repeat certain language patterns through positive and negative reinforcement
expansion
the process of adding more to the content present
e.g adding to the declarative sentence
recasting
a form of negative reinforcement
changing the form of the content
e.g adding in a negative particle or changing the sentence to a question
classification
understanding categories e.g in a farm animal classification, you will have pigs, cows, sheep, goat etc
overextension
when a child learns labels then over extends it
e.g all 4 legged animals are dogs
categorical overextension
one word is applied to everything in that category
e.g calling every round fruit ‘apple’
analogical overextension
one word is used to describe something in a different category
e.g call an apple and the moon ‘ball’ as they are both round
mismatch statements (overextension)
where children use a random word with loose associations with the object
e.g saying ‘mummy’ when they see their mother’s coat
underextension
where children assume a restricted use for a word
e.g assuming their dog is the only dog in the world
hyponomy
the umbrella term for hyponym and hypernym
hyponym
words describing things specifically e.g Niagara Falls is a hyponym for the concept of a waterfall
hypernym
words for broad categories and general concepts
e.g dog is a hypernym for precise breeds
