Theories

Question 1

Erickson toddler stage

Answer 1

Autonomy vs. shame and doubt

Question 2

Piaget toddler stage

Answer 2

Sensorimotor
Preoperational

Question 3

Activities in “autonomy vs shame and doubt”

Answer 3

Autonomy and self control
Separates from caregiver

Question 4

Activities in Piaget’s sensorimotor and preoperational

Answer 4

Differentiates self from objects
Object permanence
Beginning symbolic thought

Question 5

First stage of Piaget’s theory (infancy)

Answer 5

Sensorimotor

Question 6

4 sub stages of sensorimotor

Answer 6

Reflexes
Primary circular reactions
Secondary circular reactions
Coordination of secondary schemes

Question 7

Activities in sensorimotor stage

Answer 7

Senses and motor skills to learn about the world
Reflexive sucking
Thumb sucking for pleasure
Object permanence
Purposeful actions for reward
Crawl to toy
Symbolism (waving goodbye)

Question 8

Erickson preschool stage

Answer 8

Initiative vs guilt

Question 9

Results of “initiative vs guilt”

Answer 9

Enthusiastic about learning, sense of pride when succeeds = initiative, self confidence

Overextending leads to guilt, low self esteem

Question 10

Piaget’s preschool phase

Answer 10

Preoperational

Question 11

Preoperational characteristics

Answer 11

Egocentric
Magical thinkers
Imaginary friend
Animism
Transduction

Question 12

Initiative vs guilt activities (things pre schoolers like to do)

Answer 12

Please parents
Plan activities
Make up games
Develops conscience
Explore new things
Enjoys sports, shopping, cooking, working
Feels remorse
Cooperate with other kids
Negotiate solutions

Question 13

Erickson’s theory for school aged kids (6-12 yo)

Answer 13

Industry vs inferiority

Question 14

Results of industry vs inferiority

Answer 14

Sense of self worth, involved in activities
Too high expectations lead to sense of inferiority and incompetence

Question 15

Piaget’s stage for school aged kids (6-12 yo)

Answer 15

Concrete operational

Question 16

Characteristics of concrete operational

Answer 16

Can see things from other perspectives
Principle of conservation

Also: early abstract thinking (“slow as molasses” like phrases)
Consider action and consequences, evaluate situations based on XP, classify similar objects

Question 17

Activities in industry vs inferiority

Answer 17

Interested in how things are made
Success in personal and social tasks
Clubs and sports
Interest in knowledge
Needs support

Question 18

Erickson adolescent phase

Answer 18

Identity vs role confusion

Question 19

Piaget’s phase in adolescence

Answer 19

Formal operational

Question 20

Characteristics of formal operational

Answer 20

Abstract thinking
Less egocentric

Also: scientific method, idealistic, own morales and values (late adolescence)

Question 21

Characteristics of identity vs role confusion

Answer 21

Body changes
Peer culture

Question 22

If in sensorimotor phase, toddler can…

Answer 22

Understands requests
Follows simple directions
Sense of ownership