Theories

Question 1

Approaches the human brain as a network of separate interconnected chunks of information (i.e. nodes). These nodes can either be semantic (i.e. refer to a subject, object or category) or emotional in nature.

Answer 1

Associative Network Theory

Question 2

Refers to the capacity to understand other people by ascribing mental states to them. Such mental states may be different from one’s own states and include beliefs, desires, intentions, emotions, and thoughts.

Answer 2

Theory of Mind

Question 3

Implies that when individuals realize that they are subject to a persuasion attempt, they will perceive it as a threat to their autonomy and freedom of choice. People generally dislike to be persuaded because they want to be free to make their own decisions.

Answer 3

Reactance Theory

Question 4

States that dissonance (an unpleasant feeling) is aroused when individuals notice inconsistency between their attitudes and their behavior.

Answer 4

Cognitive Dissonance Theory

Question 5

People have fundamental need for autonomy and independence (same as reactance). The need for autonomy and independence is called negative face wants (we want to feel autonomous and independent)

People have the fundamental need for approval, acceptance, and being viewed as competent. The fundamental need for approval and for acceptance is the positive face wants. We want people to like us and want people to respect our freedom.

Answer 5

Politeness Theory

Question 6

Which holds that awareness of one’s own mortality can result in feelings of anxiety and that people are inherently motivated to control these negative feelings.

Answer 6

Terror Management Theory

Question 7

States that individuals can learn vicariously by observing models, including those on TV.

Answer 7

Social Cognitive Theory

Question 8

Occur between competing stimuli or messages.

Answer 8

Distraction Effect