Lecture 5 - Receivers Resistance Strategies P1 Flashcards
The type of resistance strategy depends on which factors?
Message (topic of message, is it relevant/important to us)
Context/medium (e.g., face to face, put on the spot)
Source (sender of the message) (do we like the person, find him/her an export on the topic)
Target (receiver of the message) (do we have the mental resources to process)
Why can persuasive messages be seen as threatening?
Physical threat: fear, physical danger (e.g., you or your loved ones may die because of smoking)
Self-threat: threat to view of the self as morally adequate, living up to one’s own standards (e.g., we don’t want to harm people around us, but when we smoke, we do)
What is known as when beliefs are not in line with our behavior?
Cognitive dissonance
How is cognitive dissonance resolved?
- Avoidance (e.g., cover up the warning messages on smoking packages)
- Suppression (e.g., actively don’t think about the message or feelings) invisible for others
- Denial (e.g., deny that smoking is that bad and you can die from it)
- Cognitive reappraisal (e.g., admit to the message, smoking is bad, but add a new element which makes it less threatening. Excuses to keep smoking, life is in gods’ hands)
The following is known as what: Controlling negative emotions (caused by cognitive dissonance) restores an effectively functioning state of mind
Adaptive function
Resistance to persuasion can be a _______ response resulting from self-threat.
Motivational
As part of the extended parallel process model, fear appeal can be affective if you take a few things into account, what are they?
Asses the perceived threat
- Susceptibility (e.g., high susceptibility if you smoke in front of your children even though you know its bad)
- Severity (e.g., how bad is smoking for my child?)
- Efficacy (e.g., beliefs of someone, determine the effectiveness of info in a message)
- Self-efficacy (e.g., beliefs in their own ability to prevent the negative consequences, can you quit smoking by following the info of a message)
As part of the extended parallel process model
Low perceived threat + low efficacy = ?
No threat
As part of the extended parallel process model
High perceived threat + High efficacy = ?
Danger control process (try and change behavior)
As part of the extended parallel process model
High perceived threat + low efficacy = ?
Fear control process (defensive, coping, dealing with the threat)
If you use fear appeal, include a recommendation.
What are the eight resistance strategies to attitude change?
Can Alligators Make Steamy Saturday Soup After November
- Counter-arguing
- Attitude bolstering
- Message distortion
- Social validation
- Source derogation
- Selective exposure
- Assertions of confidence
- Negative affect
The following is what type of strategy:
Effective resistance strategy that involves direct denial of message arguments
E.g., abortion, every child deserves to live > no not every child deserves to live
Counterarguing
The following is what type of strategy:
Involves support arguing, generating thoughts that are consistent with and supportive of one’s original attitude without directly disproving message arguments
E.g., I think every woman has the right to decide for themselves
Attitude bolstering
The following is what type of strategy:
Involves selectively processing or understanding a persuasive message in a way that favors one’s original attitude
Message distortion
The following is what type of strategy:
Involves resisting the message by bringing to mind important others who share one’s original attitude
Social validation
