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gender & society > Theoretical Perspectives on Gender > Flashcards

Theoretical Perspectives on Gender Flashcards

1
Q

Sociological Theories

A
  1. Structural Functionalism
  2. Critical/Feminism
  3. Symbolic Interactionism
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2
Q

Men filled INSTRUMENTAL roles in society while women filled EXPRESSIVE roles, which worked to the benefit of society

A

Structural Functionalism

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3
Q

Wage inequalities as the result of choices women make, assuming they choose family roles that compete with their work roles, which renders them less valuable employees from the managerial standpoint

A

Structural Functionalism

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4
Q

Society is structured by relations of power and
domination among social groups (e.g., women versus men) that determine access to scarce resources

A

Critical Sociology

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5
Q

Social problems and contradictions are created when dominant groups exploit or oppress subordinate groups

A

Critical Sociology

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6
Q

when women become wage earners, they can gain power in the family structure and create more democratic arrangements in the home, although they may still carry the majority of the domestic burden

A

Critical Sociology

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7
Q

A type of critical sociology that examines the maintenance of gender roles and inequalities in gender-related issues

A

Feminist Theory

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8
Q

considers the role of the family in perpetuating male dominance

A

Radical feminism

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9
Q

Coined by Dorothy Smith

A

Bifurcation of Consciousness

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10
Q

Bifurcation of Consciousness is coined by ______

A

Dorothy Smith

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11
Q

A disconnect between their personal experiences and the way the world is represented by society as a whole (masculine point of view)

A

Bifurcation of Consciousness

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12
Q

Subordinate groups are conditioned to view the world from the perspective of the dominant group

A

Bifurcation of Consciousness

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13
Q

Aims to understand human behavior by
analyzing the critical role of symbols in human
interaction

A

Symbolic Interactionism

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14
Q

TRUE or FALSE
The meanings attached to symbols are socially created and not natural, and fluid, not static, we act and react to symbols based on the current assigned meaning

A

TRUE

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15
Q

who developed the concept of the looking-glass self?

A

C. H. Cooley

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16
Q

This concept suggests that one’s determination of self is based mainly on the view of society

A

looking-glass self

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17
Q

If society perceives a man as masculine, then
that man will perceive himself as masculine

A

looking-glass self

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18
Q

According to _______ and _______, when people perform tasks or possess characteristics based on the gender role assigned to them, they are said to be doing gender

A

Zimmerman and West

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19
Q

Psychological Theories

A
  1. Psychoanalytic Theory
  2. Social Learning theory
  3. Cognitive-Developmental Theory
  4. Gender Schema theory
  5. Sociobiology and Evolutionary Psychology
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20
Q

A psychological theory originated by Sigmund Freud

A

Psychoanalytic Theory

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21
Q

a stage theory of __________, each stage being characterized by focus on one of erogenous zones

A

psychosexual development

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22
Q

area of the body that are sensitive to sexual stimulation (e.g. lips, mouth, genitalia, etc.)

A

Erogenous zones

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23
Q

Psychosexual Stages of Development

A
  1. Oral Stage
  2. Anal Stage
  3. Phallic Stage
  4. Latency Stage
  5. Genital Stage
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24
Q

Primary Narcissism or Self-Love

A

Oral Stage (Birth to One Year Old)

25
Q

Frustration or overindulgence leads to alcoholism

A

Oral Stage (Birth to One Year Old)

26
Q

center of child’s sexual interest

A

Anal zone

27
Q

People who are fixated at this age are grasping
and stingy

A

Anal Stage (1-3 Years Old)

28
Q

The stage where the development of boys and
girls diverge

A

Phallic Stage (3-6 Years Old)

29
Q

Greatest source of pleasure is coming from sex
organ

A

Phallic Stage (3-6 Years Old)

30
Q

Child desires the parent of the opposite sex

A

Phallic Stage (3-6 Years Old)

31
Q

boys desiring mothers

A

Oedipus Complex

32
Q

girls desiring their fathers

A

Electra Complex

33
Q

Girls experience penis envy

A

Phallic Stage (3-6 Years Old)

34
Q

the boy represses his sexual desire with the
mother and starts identifying with the father

A

Phallic Stage (3-6 Years Old)

35
Q

Children turn their attention to people
outside their families

A

Latency Stage (6-11 Years Old)

36
Q

Children possess composure and self-control

A

Latency Stage (6-11 Years Old)

37
Q

Focus on the opposite sex

A

Genital Stage

38
Q

Look around for potential love partner

A

Genital Stage

39
Q

Criticisms of Freud’s Psychoanalytic Theory

A

▪ Concepts cannot be evaluated scientifically.
▪ His ideas are almost exclusively from work with patients who sought therapy.
▪ Over-emphasized biological determinants of behavior.
▪ His theory is phallocentric.

40
Q

Emphasizes the role of reinforcement, punishment, imitation, and observational learning as key mechanisms in development

A

Social Learning Theory

41
Q

emphasizes the importance of imitation
and observational learning

A

Social Learning Theory

42
Q

People doing what they see others doing

A

Imitation

43
Q

Observe someone doing something and then doing it at a later time

A

Observational Learning

44
Q

The acquisition of gender-typed behaviors and learning of gender roles

A

Gender-typing

45
Q

Also known as social cognitive theory

A

Cognitive Social Learning Theory

46
Q

Emphasis on reinforcement, punishment and
imitation remains but cognitive processes

A

Cognitive Social Learning Theory

47
Q

Cognitive process that weeds out most of the behaviors that are irrelevant to the child and focuses on the few that are most relevant

A

Attention

48
Q

A person’s belief in their ability to accomplish a particular task

A

Self-efficacy

49
Q

Who pioneered the realm of gender development?

A

Jean Piaget & Barbel Inhelder

50
Q

Who theorized that gender constancy is
critical to children’s gender development?

A

Lawrence Kohlberg

51
Q

A process that begins with acquiring gender
identity or knowing their own gender

A

Gender Constancy

52
Q

despite possible changes in appearance, they know that its essence remains the same

A

Gender Constancy

53
Q

A feminist social cognitive perspective developed by __________

A

Sandra Bem

54
Q

The development process of gender typing or gender role acquisition in children

A

Gender Schema Theory

55
Q

The application of Charles Darwin’s evolutionary theory to understand the social behavior of animals including people

A

Sociobiology

56
Q

behaviors or other investments in the offspring by the parent that increase the offspring’s chance of survival

A

Parental Investment

57
Q

the processes by which the members of one gender (usually males) compete with each other for mating with members of another gender (usually females), who, in turn, choose to mate with only the preferred members of the first gender (males)

A

Sexual Selection

58
Q

emphasizes the evolved psychological mechanisms related to sexuality and explains certain psychological differences

A

Sexual strategies theory

gender & society (6 decks)

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