Gender Mainstreaming in Development Flashcards
__________ provide a context for gender mainstreaming initiatives in the Philippines and serve as a basis for the assessment of these initiatives
International instruments
International Treatises/Standards on Gender
Equality and Human Development
- UN Declaration of Human Rights (1948)
- Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women or CEDAW (1979)
- Beijing Platform for Action (1994)
- Millennium Development Goals (2000)
- Sustainable Development Goals
A common standard of achievements for all
peoples and all nations
UN Declaration of Human Rights (1948)
Seeks to provide all people the same basic
human rights, regardless of sex or gender
UN Declaration of Human Rights (1948)
Translated to over 500 languages
UN Declaration of Human Rights (1948)
Also known as the International Bill of Rights of Women
Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of
Discrimination Against Women or CEDAW (1979)
Created by the United Nations’ Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination Against Women
Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of
Discrimination Against Women or CEDAW (1979)
The only human rights treaty which affirms the reproductive rights of women and targets culture and tradition as influential forces shaping gender roles and family relations.
Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of
Discrimination Against Women or CEDAW (1979)
any distinction, exclusion or restriction made on the basis of sex which has the effect or purpose of impairing or nullifying the recognition, enjoyment , or exercise by women, irrespective of their marital status, on a basis of equality of men and women, of human rights and fundamental freedoms in the political, economic, social, cultural, civil, or any other field.
Discrimination
Following CEDAW, a state must work:
▪ to incorporate the principle of equality of men and women in
their legal system, abolish all discriminatory laws and adopt
appropriate ones prohibiting discrimination against women
▪ to establish tribunals and other public institutions to ensure
the effective protection of women against discrimination
▪ to ensure elimination of all acts of discrimination against
women by persons, organizations, or enterprises
A result of the Nairobi Forward-looking Strategies for
the Advancement of Women (1985)
Beijing Platform for Action (1994)
A landmark act that recognizes the subordinate position of
women in the globe, and aims to promote and protect their
full rights while diagnosing problems related to women’s
issue
Beijing Platform for Action (1994)
Asserts that women share common concerns that
can be addressed only by working together and in
partnership with men towards the common goal of
[gender] equality around the world
Beijing Platform for Action (1994)
Twelve Critical Areas of Concern:
- Women and poverty
- Education and training of women
- Women and health
- Violence against women
- Women and armed conflict
- Women and the economy
- Women in power and decision-making
- Institutional mechanism for the advancement of women
- Human rights of women
- Women and the media
- Women and the environment
- The girl-child
seen as the most important mechanism to fulfill the commitment made to BPfA
Gender mainstreaming
The strategy for making sure that needs and rights of both
men and women are visibly considered in all policies,
programmes, strategies, research and other areas
Rodriguez & Rodriquez, 2019
Gender mainstreaming
A collection of eight goals that focus on major issues of
the underprivileged people around the world
Millennium Development Goals (1995)
The goals focus on reducing poverty, hunger, disease,
and gender inequality, as well as ensuring access to
water and sanitation by 2015
Millennium Development Goals (1995)
Three of the eight MDGs focus on education and/or
gender:
- Goal 2 - “to achieve universal primary education
- Goal 3 - “to promote gender equality and empower women”
- Goal 5 - “to improve maternal health”
Of all the sub-regions in Asia-Pacific, _____ has had the most success in meeting MDG targets.Yet, it too failed to meet some gender targets for 2015.
South-East Asia
TRUE or FALSE
The roadmap to gender equality warrants broader
reframing of policies along many dimensions of gender and development
TRUE
Built from the MDGs and aimed at continuing the latter’s goals and completing targets by 2030
Sustainable Development Goals (2015)
TRUE or FALSE
Gender specific targets of the SDGs include
“the end of all forms of discrimination against
all women and girls everywhere
TRUE
A consistent theme in these international guidelines is the call for legislation, policies, and programs that promote gender equality and the empowerment of women and girls. Perhaps the strict enforcement of these policies should be taken into account as well.
Sustainable Development Goals (2015)
The formalization of women’s rights started during the ________, when the __________ declared the equality of women and men before the law.
post-Martial Law era ; 1987 Constitution
Gender Equality Laws and Policies
- 105-Day Expanded Maternity Leave Law
- Prohibition on Discrimination Against Women)
- Anti-Violence Against Women and Their Children Act of 2004
- Assistance for small-scale women entrepreneurs
- Anti-Sexual Harassment Act of 1995
- The Anti-Rape Law of 1997
- Rape Victim Assistance and Protection Act of 1998
- Magna Carta of Women
- National Women’s Day
- Ratification of the United Nations Convention in the elimination of all forms
of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW) - Harmonized Gender and Development Guidelines (2007)
- Approving & Adopting the Philippine Plan for Gender-Responsive Development
Signed into law on February 2019 by President Rodrigo Duterte, Republic Act 11210 or the _________ extends the previous 60-day (78 days for caesarian section delivery for women workers in the private sector) paid maternity leave to105 days.
105-Day Expanded Maternity Leave Law
With an option to extend for an additional 30 days of
unpaid leave. Additional 15 days paid maternity leave
shall also be granted to __________.
female solo parents
prohibits discrimination with respect to terms and conditions of employment solely on the basis of sex
RA 6725
Any employer favoring a male employee over a female in terms of promotion, training opportunities, and other benefits solely on account of sex is considered discrimination
Prohibition on Discrimination Against Women
An Act Defining Violence Against Women and Their Children, recognizes the need to protect the family and its members particularly women and children, from violence and threats to their personal safety and security.
RA 9262
The state also recognizes the need to protect the
family and its members particularly women and
children, from violence and threats to their
personal safety and security.
Anti-Violence Against Women and Their Children Act of 2004
The act that states the Provision of
Assistance to Women Engaging in Micro and
Cottage Business Enterprises, and for other
purposes, was approved in February 1995.
RA 7882
Seeks to provide all possible assistance to Filipino women in their pursuit of owning, operating and managing small business enterprises
Assistance for small-scale women entrepreneurs
Addresses the issue of sexual harassment committed in employment, education or training environment
RA 7877
Sexual favors made as a condition in the
employment or granting promotions or privileges
Anti-Sexual Harassment Act of 1995
The refusal to grant the sexual favor results in
limiting, segregating or classifying the employee
which in any way would discriminate, deprive or
diminish employment opportunities or otherwise
adversely affect is punishable by law.
Anti-Sexual Harassment Act of 1995
Any person having carnal knowledge of a woman through force, threat, or intimidation or by means of fraudulent machination or grave abuse of authority will be punished
RA 8353
Depending on the severity of the case, the offense may be punishable reclusion perpetua or life imprisonment
The Anti-Rape Law of 1997
Declares the policy of the State to provide necessary assistance and protection for rape victims.
RA 8505
The government shall coordinate its various agencies and non government organizations to work hand in hand for the establishment and operation of a rape crisis center in every province and city that shall assist and protect rape victims in the litigation of their cases and their recovery
Rape Victim Assistance and Protection Act of 1998
A comprehensive women’s human rights
law that seeks to eliminate discrimination through
the recognition, protection, fulfillment, and
promotion of the rights of Filipino women,
especially those belonging in the marginalized
sectors of the society.
RA 9710
Conveys a framework of rights for women based
directly on international law
Magna Carta of Women
Pursuant to this law is _________ that states
the approval and adoption of Philippine Plan for
Gender-Responsive Development, 1995-2025
Executive Order 273
Declares the 8th day of ____ every
year as a special working holiday.
RA 6949 ; March
The holiday is to be observed with meaningful participation from all government agencies, local government units, and private sector employers, who must provide sufficient time and opportunities for employees to engage in activities within their offices.
National Women’s Day
Known as the International Bill of Rights of Women
Convention on the Elimination of all Forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW)
CEDAW was adopted by the United Nations in _____ and took effect on _______.
1979 ; 3 September 1981
The Philippines signed the CEDAW on _______ and ratified it on _________, the first ASEAN country to do so.
15 July 1980 ; 5 August 1981
As of May 2015, the Convention has been ratified by ________.
189 states
A set of analytical concepts and tools
developed for integrating gender concerns into
development programs and projects.
Harmonized Gender and Development Guidelines (HGDG), 2007
Ensures gender equality and women’s
empowerment results in programs and projects
Harmonized Gender and Development Guidelines (HGDG), 2007
Directs all national government offices
and instrumentalities and local government units to
take appropriate steps to ensure full implementation
of the policies, strategies, programs, and projects
outlined in the Philippine Plan for Gender-Responsive
Development, and in consonance with PCW-NEDA-
DBM Joint Memorandum Circular No. 2012-01
EO No. 273
Approving & Adopting the Philippine Plan for
Gender-Responsive Development (1995-2025)
