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Theoretical Foundations of PMHNPs NU580 Flashcards

1
Q

What is Justice?

A

fairness

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2
Q

What is Beneficence

A

good

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3
Q

Non-maleficence

A

doing no harm

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4
Q

What is fidelity?

A

dependability: do as you say you will do

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5
Q

What is autonomy?

A

Promote patients to act as their own agent with informed consent

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6
Q

What is veracity

A

Truth

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7
Q

Infant to 18 months

A

trust vs mistrust

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8
Q

18mo to 3 years

A

autonomy vs shame and doubt

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9
Q

3-5 years

A

initiative vs guilt

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10
Q

5-13 years

A

industry vs inferiority

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11
Q

13-21 years

A

identity vs role confusion

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12
Q

21-39 years

A

intimacy vs isolation

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13
Q

40-65 years

A

generativity vs stagnation

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14
Q

65+

A

ego integrity vs despair

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15
Q

who founded cognitive theory

A

jean piaget

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16
Q

who founded interpersonal theory

A

harry stack sullivan

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17
Q

who developed the hierarchy of needs theory

A

abraham maslow

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18
Q

what is the basis of cognitive theory?

A

human development evolves through cognition, learning, and comprehending

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19
Q

What are the characteristics of a therapeutic relationship?

A

genuineness, acceptance, nonjudgmental attitude, authenticity, empathy, respect, professional boundaries

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20
Q

What are the techniques used for therapeutic communication?

A

active listening, facilitative communication techniques, paraphrasing, confrontation, silence, compare symptoms pre and post- ask about function 6 months, cultural considerations, be open, respectful build rapport, and listen

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21
Q

What are facillitative communication techniques?

A

open ended questioning initially, avoid much self-disclosure, use encouraging words, request clarification, summarize key points, follow up with directive and closed questions to help confirm data assessment

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22
Q

Why is facillitative communication used?

A

foster greater disclosure by the patient, allow patient to pace conversation, avoid interruptions, avoid non-stop questions

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23
Q

Possible causes of mental illness

A

environmental, genetic, neurochemical

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24
Q

What is the primary form of assessment?

A

interview

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25
Q

What is included in an interview?

A

history, phyisical exam, mental status exam, diagnostic and lab tests, get diagnosis or list of differentials

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26
Q

What is included in the history?

A

demographics, chief complaint, history of present illness, past psychiatric history, past medical history, social history, family history, developmental history

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27
Q

What is included in an assessment?

A

History, functional assessment, physical assessment, neurological exam, vital signs, MSE

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28
Q

What is included in the MSE?

A

appearance, behavior, mood, affect, thought process/content

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29
Q

Structure of the MSE

A

orientation, attention, concentration, memory, abstraction, insight, judgement

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30
Q

What are some valid tests for cognition?

A

MOCA, SPMSQ, MSE

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31
Q

What are some common lab tests for psych workup?

A

thyroid, liver, electrolytes, EKG

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32
Q

Who founded psychoanalytic therapy?

A

Sigmund Freud

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33
Q

What is psychoanalytic therapy?

A

change promoted by developing greater insight and awareness of maladaptive defenses; past developmental and psychdynamic factors shape behaviors

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34
Q

Who founded cognitive therapy?

A

Aaron Beck

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35
Q

What is cognitive therapy

A

a person’s reaction to an event causes anxiety rather than the event causes anxiety

36
Q

Who founded behavioral therapy?

A

Arnold Lazarus

37
Q

What is behavioral therapy

A

Use active behavioral techniques to change maladaptive behavior

38
Q

Who founded dialectical Behavioral Therapy?

A

Marsha Linehan

39
Q

What is DBT commonly used for?

A

borderline personality disorder

40
Q

What is DBT?

A

Focus on regulating emotion, distress tolerance, self management skills, interpersonal effectiveness, and mindfulness with an emphasis on treating therapy interfering behaviors

41
Q

Who founded existential therapy?

A

Viktor Frankl

42
Q

What is existential therapy?

A

helps find meaning and purpose, reflection of life

43
Q

Who founded humanistic therapy?

A

Carl Rogers

44
Q

What is humanistic therapy?

A

Find meaning, self directed growth and self-actualization, person centered therapy

45
Q

Who founded Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing?

A

Francine Shapiro

46
Q

EMDR is a form of what larger therapy concept?

A

Behavioral

47
Q

EMDR is most commonly used for what?

48
Q

What are the 4 categories of neurotransmitters?

A

monoamine, amino acids, cholinergic, peptides

49
Q

What happens once a neurotransmitter gets to post synaptic neuron?

A

destruction or reuptake

50
Q

What category is Dopemine?

A

mono amine; catecholamine

51
Q

Where is Dopamine produced?

A

substantia nigra

52
Q

What removes dopamine from the synaptic cleft

A

Monoamine oxidase (MAO)

53
Q

Increased levels of dopamine is associated with what conditions?

A

schizophrnia/psychosis

54
Q

Decreased levels of dopamine is associated with what conditions?

A

substance abuse, anhedonia (inability to feel pleasure), Parkinson’s

55
Q

Where is serotonin produced?

A

raphe nuclei of the brainstem

56
Q

Serotonin is the key to what?

57
Q

Increased levels of serotonin from medication can cause what?

A

Seratonin Syndrome

58
Q

What symptoms are characterized in serotonin syndrome?

A

Shivering, diarrhea, agitation, confusionm headache, tachycardia, hypertension, dilated pupils, loss of coordination, muscle twitching, goose bumps and perspiring heavily

59
Q

Decreased levels of Serotonin can cause what?

A

Depression OCD, anxiety, and schizophrenia

60
Q

What category is serotonin?

61
Q

What category is norepinephrine?

A

monoamine; catacholamine

62
Q

Where is norepinephrine produced?

A

locus ceruleus of the pons

63
Q

Increased levels of norepinephrine causes what

64
Q

Decreased levels of norepinephrine causes what?

A

depression

65
Q

Where is epinephrine produced?

A

adrenal glands

66
Q

What category is epinephrine?

A

monoamine; catacholamine

67
Q

Increased level of epinephrine causes what?

A

fight or flight response

68
Q

What category is glutamate?

A

amino acid

69
Q

What type of universal neurotransmitter is glutamate?

A

excitatory

70
Q

Increased levels of glutamate cause what?

A

Bipolar affective disorder, psychosis from ischemic neurotoxicity/excessiv pruning

71
Q

Decreased levels of glutamate cause what?

A

memory and learning difficulty or negative symptoms of schizophrenia

72
Q

What category of neurotransmitter is GABA?

73
Q

What does GABA stand for?

A

gamma-aminobutyric acid

74
Q

What type of universal neurotransmitter is GABA?

A

inhibitory

75
Q

What types of drugs use GABA as the site of action?

A

benzodiazepines, alcohol, barbiturates, and other CNS depressants

76
Q

Decreased levels of GABA cause what disorder?

77
Q

What category is acetylcholine?

A

aminoacid cholinergic

78
Q

Increased levels of acetylcholine are associated with what?

A

Parkinson’s

79
Q

Decreased levels of acetylcholine are associated with what?

A

Alzheimer’s and impaired memory

80
Q

neuropeptides modulate what?

81
Q

Decreased level of neuropeptides is associated with what?

A

substance abuse

82
Q

Which drug schedule will we never prescribe?

83
Q

Which drugs may be called in but patient must also have written prescription?

84
Q

WHich schedule of drugs can be obtained only with a written prescription?

85
Q

HOw many refills are allowed with Schedule II drugs?

86
Q

How many refills are allowed with Schedule III drugs?

Advanced health assessment (11 decks)

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