Theological Views on the Self

Question 1

what do functionalists argue the self is

Answer 1

a product of socialisation

Question 2

what does Parsons argue

Answer 2

-social institutions allocate roles via best fit eg the education system and meritocracy
-in pre industrial society ppl had ascribed status (born with) but in contemporary society we have achieved status (earned) eg doctor

Question 3

what does Davis and Moore argue

Answer 3

-system is meritocratic to ensure that the ppl who out the effort in get bigger qualifications as it will lead to higher pay

Question 4

what does Merton argue

Answer 4

-manifest and latent functions of institutions
-manifest functions are recognised and intended eg role allocation in school
-latent functions are unrecognised and unintended eg school reinforcing societal expectations of social classes

Question 5

how does the American Dream have latent and manifest functions

Answer 5

manifest function is meritocracy
latent function is that it increases crime and deviance through anomie

Question 6

which theorist describes role allocation

Answer 6

Parsons

Question 7

which theorist describes meritocracy

Answer 7

Davis and Moore

Question 8

which theorist describes latent functions

Answer 8

Mertons

Question 9

name all the functionalist theorists for the self

Question 10

what are the two main marxist theorists for the self

Answer 10

Marx
Gramsci

Question 11

what does Marx argue about the self

Answer 11

-the self is formed by an individuals relationship to the means of production
-process of alienation
-eg in production lines of factories w/c alienated from each other and the product
-also shaped by ruling class ideology promoting FCC

Question 12

describe further in detail Marx’s theory of production lines and alienation

Answer 12

-w/c separated from each other in the factory line
-they lack a sense of pride in creating something due to individual components

Question 13

who is the neo marxist theory for the self

Answer 13

Gramsci

Question 14

what is Gramscis theory of the self

Answer 14

-hegemony transfers w/c beliefs and values to w/c in a way that makes it seem like common sense/ no alternative
-although there are organic intellectuals who can develop counter hegemony (an alt culture that breaks down hegemony )

Question 15

who are the two main theorists for feminists view of the self

Answer 15

-Ann Oakley
-Simone de Beauvoir

Question 16

what does Oakley argue

Answer 16

-gender identity is formed in primary socialisation
-eg canalisation, vocalisation etc

Question 17

what does Simone de Beauvoir argue about the self

Answer 17

-women see themselves as stereotypical ideas of female identity based on the male gaze

Question 18

what are the four main interactionist theories on the self and their theory names

Answer 18

Cooley Looking Glass Self
Becker Labelling
Mead the I and Me
Goffman Dramaturgical approach

Question 19

describe Cooleys theory of the self

Answer 19

-we see how others see us through interactions and become the person we think others believe us to be
-build a sense of what’s normal through interactions

Question 20

describe Beckers theory on the self

Answer 20

-individuals are labelled by society and are either accepted or rejected
-master statuses can be internalised so ppl live up to their label

Question 21

describe Mead’s the I and Me theory of the self

Answer 21

-“me” is the social self that is constructed by interactions
-“i” acts creatively and reacts to the “me”
-they react to each other eg “i” has criminal impulses but “me” knows social rules

Question 22

describe Goffmans theory of the self (4)

Answer 22

-the world is a stage; there is a front stage and a back stage we adjust to
-we use impression management to handle different circumstances
-successful performances meet audience expectations and are believed
-we have multiple roles (teacher,father,husband)

Question 23

who is the postmodernist theory for the self

Answer 23

Baudrillard

Question 24

what do postmodernists argue about the self (not baudrillard)

Answer 24

-due to globalisation/media access we can choose identity freely / pick n mix identities
-hybrid identities eg with ethnicity wasians

Question 25

what does baurdillard argue about the self

Answer 25

-we have identities as consumers
- we are what we buy

Question 26

what theory /theorist combines structural theories and social action theory’s

Answer 26

Giddens Structuration theory

Question 27

what is structuration theory

Answer 27

individuals have agency but are also influenced by structures