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PRS > Theme E - Religion, Crime and Punishment > Flashcards

Theme E - Religion, Crime and Punishment Flashcards

1
Q

Christian beliefs about intentions and actions

A
  • Evil actions are sinful and against God
  • Original sin causes all humans to have a tendency to do evil things
  • Christians believe they should follow the law of the land, unless it is unjust
  • intentions are significant and teachings warn against evil thoughts and intentions
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2
Q

Buddhist beliefs about intentions and actions

A
  • Idea of skilful and unskilful actions
  • Buddhists follow the law, unless this restricts them to act skilfully
  • Kamma teaches that intentions behind an action is important
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3
Q

Christian attitudes towards suffering

A
  • Suffering is a result of human free will
  • Christians have a duty to help those who are suffering
  • They should avoid causing others suffering
  • Unavoidable suffering may strengthen a person’s character and faith
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4
Q

Buddhist attitudes towards suffering

A
  • Main goal is to overcome suffering
  • First moral precepts teaches not to harm others
  • Bodhisattvas choose to stop others’ suffering
  • Eightfold Path teaches right livelihood
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5
Q

Reasons for crime

A
  • poverty
  • upbringing
  • mental illness
  • addiction
  • greed
  • hatred
  • opposition to an unjust law
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6
Q

Attitudes towards poverty

A
  • Christians believe they should work to help people out of poverty so that they are not in a position to commit crimes
  • Buddhists believe poverty may lead to stealing, which contradicts the second moral precept
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7
Q

Attitudes towards upbringing

A
  • Christians believe parents should teach children the right way to behave through their own words and actions
  • Buddhists believe people need a supportive upbringing to help develop sensitivity to others
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8
Q

Attitudes towards mental illness

A
  • Christians believe you should demonstrate compassion by treating the cause of illness
  • Buddhists believe they should treat those suffering with mental illness with compassion
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9
Q

Attitudes towards addiction

A
  • Christians are against taking illegal drugs and support rehabilitation to overcome addiction
  • the fifth moral precept encourages Buddhists not to take drugs
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10
Q

Attitudes towards greed

A
  • The Ten Commandments forbid envy, which often causes greed
  • Buddhists believe that acting out of greed is unskilful and leads to suffering
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11
Q

Attitudes towards hatred

A
  • Jesus taught Christians to love everybody, including their enemies
  • hatred is one of the three poisons and one of the main causes of suffering
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12
Q

Attitudes towards opposition

A
  • some Christians may agree with this but only if no violence is involved and nobody is harmed
  • Buddhists may disobey a law that expresses prejudice and hatred
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13
Q

Different types of crime

A
  • theft
  • murder
  • hate crimes
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14
Q

Attitudes towards theft

A
  • Goes against the Ten Commandments
  • Breaks the Second Moral Precept
  • Expresses a lack of empathy and respect for others
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15
Q

Attitudes towards murder

A
  • Only God can take life
  • Goes against the Ten Commandments
  • Breaks for First Moral Precept
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16
Q

Attitudes towards hate crimes

A
  • Unjust because God created all humans equally
  • ‘Love your neighbour’
  • Hatred is one of the three poisons
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17
Q

Retribution

A

Getting even. The idea that criminals should be made to suffer in proportion to their crimes.

18
Q

Deterrence

A

The threat of punishment as a way to put a person off committing crime

19
Q

Reformation

A

To change someone’s behaviour for the better. May involve counselling, therapy, meeting victims and educating.

20
Q

Attitudes towards retribution

A
  • Agree because justice is done. Christians may argue ‘an eye for an eye’
  • Disagree because ‘two wrongs don’t make a right’. Buddhists believe that a person will suffer anyway due to kamma, and that retribution is a form of violence
21
Q

Attitudes towards deterrence

A
  • Agree because it may prevent people from committing crimes in the first place
  • Disagree if punishments are excessively harsh and humiliate offenders. Buddhists suggest deterrence may not work if offenders are in the grip of the three poisons
22
Q

Attitudes towards reformation

A
  • May Christians favour this over others as it positively influences offenders’ lives
  • Buddhists encourage offenders to recognise the suffering they have caused and make amends
  • Some may disagree as it may be too lenient or do little to deter others from committing crime
23
Q

Christian attitudes on forgiveness

A
  • key belief
  • Jesus taught that we should forgive ‘seventy-seven times’
  • The Lord’s Prayer tells Christians to forgive others as they expect forgiveness from God
24
Q

Buddhist attitudes on forgiveness

A
  • helpful
  • involves letting go of anger and resentment
  • criminals will still be punished by kamma
  • apology and forgiveness can sometimes bring about reconciliation
25
Q

Aims of punishment

A
  • prison
  • community service
  • corporal punishment
26
Q

Attitudes on prison

A
  • some support imprisonment for serious crimes as it protects others, but believe prisoners should be treated well and reformed
  • disagree as reoffending rates are too high and some prisons are costly to run
27
Q

Attitudes on community service

A
  • some support as it allows offenders to make up for their actions and be rehabilitated
  • disagree as it may be seen as too soft on criminals
28
Q

Attitudes on corporal punishment

A
  • may be seen as an effective deterrent and ultimate form of retribution
  • considered to be a breach of human rights, illegal in the UK and many other countries. Does not treat the offender with respect.
29
Q

Arguments for the death penalty

A
  • Some Christians think it’s acceptable as the Bible teaches that murder is punishable by death (“If a man kills anyone, he must be put to death.” - Leviticus)
  • Principle of utility suggests that killing a murderer may benefit the majority
  • protects society from dangerous criminals
  • Some Buddhist countries (e.g. Thailand) have capital punishment
30
Q

Arguments against the death penalty

A
  • Sanctity of life (even lives of murderers are sacred)
  • Breaks first moral precept
  • chance of killing innocent person
  • little evidence it is an effective deterrent
  • Ezekiel (priest) teaches that wrongdoers should be reformed, not killed
31
Q

Community service

A

A way of punishment that requires offenders to do unpaid work in the community

32
Q

Corporal punishment

A

Punishment that causes physical pain to an offender

33
Q

Crime

A

An offence that breaks the law set by the government

34
Q

Prison

A

A secure building where offenders are kept for a period of time set by a judge

35
Q

Buddhist attitudes to lawbreakers

A
  • does not favour punishment as it is a form of vengeance and causes suffering
  • rehabilitation and reformation of the offender is important (story of Angulimala)
36
Q

Christian attitudes to lawbreakers

A
  • offenders must be punished by law according to how serious their crime was
  • offenders have basic rights so should not be given inhuman punishment
  • offenders should be helped to become responsible members of society
37
Q

Ten Commandments quotes

A

“You shall not steal”
“You shall not commit adultery”
“You shall not murder”
- Exodus 20

38
Q

Non-violence quotes

A

“All tremble at violence; all fear death… one should not kill nor cause another to kill”
- Dhammapada

“We should not seek revenge on those who have committed crimes against us”
- Dalai Lama

“Whoever is not hostile among the hostile… I call a holy man”
- The Buddha

39
Q

Retribution quotes

A

“But if there is serious injury, you are to take life for life, eye for eye, tooth for tooth”
- Exodus

‘leave it to the wrath of God, for it is written, “Vengeance is mine, I will repay, says the Lord.”’
- Romans

“Whoever sheds the blood of man, by man shall his blood be shed”
- Genesis

40
Q

Quotes for punishment

A

“Whoever spares the rod hates their children”
- Proverbs

“For the wrongdoer will be paid back for the wrong he has done, and there is no partiality.”
- Colossians

PRS (8 decks)

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