Christianity: beliefs and teachings Flashcards

1
Q

Basics

A
  • There are about 2.2 billion Christians in the world
  • Jesus and his disciples were Jewish
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2
Q

Denomination

A

A group within Christianity

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3
Q

the Edict of Milan

A

Signed in 313AD by Constantine and Licinius. It proclaimed that Christianity would be tolerated within the Roman Empire and Christians would no longer be persecuted

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4
Q

Catholic Church

A

A centre of power based in Rome led by the Pope

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5
Q

Orthodox Church

A

A centre of power based in Constantinople led by the Patriarch

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6
Q

The Great Schism (1054AD)

A

The split of the church into the Roman Catholic Church and the Eastern Orthodox Church.

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7
Q

Martin Luther

A

A German priest known for nailing a document of protest to the door of Wittenberg Cathedral

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8
Q

Bible

A

The holy book of the Christians that contains scriptures divided into the Old Testament and New testament

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9
Q

Fundamentalist Christians

A

Believe that the Bible is literally true and every word was spoken by God

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10
Q

Conservative Christians

A

Believe that the Bible was not dictated but rather inspired by God

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11
Q

Liberal Christians

A

Believe that the Bible isn’t a factual account and only tells us a symbolic message

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12
Q

Omnipotent

A

All-powerful - his power is immense and beyond measure.

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13
Q

Omnibenevolent

A

All-loving - God’s love is universal and unconditional

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14
Q

Just

A

Fair - God acts in a way that gives everyone equal value and rights

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15
Q

The three symbols of The Trinity

A

Triquetra, Shamrock, Borromean rings

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16
Q

The Trinity

A

God the Father - the creator and sustainer of the universe
God the Son - the saviour who became incarnate and lived, died and rose again
God the Holy Spirit - the source of strength which Christians find at work in their hearts

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17
Q

The Creation Story

A

Day 1 - God separated light from darkness
Day 2 - God made sea and sky
Day 3 - God made land (the Earth) and vegetation
Day 4 - God created the sun, moon, and stars
Day 5 - God created fish, birds, and sea monsters
Day 6 - God created animals and humans (Adam + Eve)
Day 7 - God rested

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18
Q

How the Creation Story affects Christians

A
  • Some Christians will work to protect the environment because they have a special responsibility to look after God’s creation
  • Some Christians might think it is important to rest on Sunday because this is what God did in the story
  • Some Christians might feel comforted and believe that everything happens for a reason because the universe is God’s creation
19
Q

God the Father quote

A

“We believe in one God, the Father, the almighty, maker of heaven and earth”
- Nicene Creed

20
Q

God the Son quote

A

“In the beginning was the Word, and the Word was with God, and the Word was God.”
- John

21
Q

God the Holy Spirit quote

A

“Now the earth was formless … and the Spirit of God was hovering over the face of the waters.”

22
Q

Atonement

A

reconciliation between God and humanity through Jesus’ actions

23
Q

Resurrection definition

A

The physical return of Jesus on the third day after he died. Christians believe this proves that there is life after death

24
Q

Ascension

A

Jesus being taken up to heaven on the 40th day after resurrection

25
Q

Judgement

A

Christians believe that a just God will decide their destination after they die and that Jesus will offer every human the opportunity of salvation

26
Q

Heaven

A

An idyllic place where there is no sin, sadness, or suffering. It is a paradise where you spend eternity with God

27
Q

Hell

A

Where unrepentant sinners go after death. It is a place of pain and suffering, without God. This separation is caused by people deliberately rejecting God.

28
Q

Responses to the Problem of Evil

A
  • The Book of Psalms offers reassurance that evil and suffering has a purpose
  • The world is a “vale of soul-making” according to John Hick - suffering educates our souls
29
Q

Jesus as fully God

A
  • Omnipotent and omniscient
  • Immortal (resurrected)
  • Performed miracles
30
Q

Jesus as fully Human

A
  • Born to a human mother
  • Died
  • Can experience human emotion and temptation
  • Aged and experienced the fear of death
31
Q

Jesus’s last days

A
  1. The Last Supper - Jesus shared his last meal with his disciples and predicted that one disciple would betray him
  2. Betrayal and arrest - Judas betrayed Jesus and told the soldiers where he could be found. Jesus was arrested.
  3. Crucifixion - Jesus was tried and found guilty of blasphemy and sentenced to death on a cross
  4. Resurrection - Jesus was brought back to life three days after his crucifixion
  5. Ascension - Jesus ascended to heaven 40 days after his resurrection
32
Q

Resurrection beliefs

A
  • Spiritual resurrection: our souls will be resurrected, but the physical body will be gone
  • Physical resurrection: we will be raised back to life in a physical form
33
Q

How resurrection influences Christians

A
  • Comfort: death is not the end
  • Belief in physical resurrection may mean Christians reject cremation
  • Knowing about their eternal afterlife gives Christians’ lives meaning and purpose
  • Confirms that God is omnibenevolent and will always look after them
34
Q

Sin

A

Any action or thought that separates humans from God. Christians believe that all humans commit sins.

35
Q

The Original Sin

A

The result of Adam and Eve’s disobedience to God when they ate a forbidden fruit in the Garden of Eden

36
Q

Salvation

A

Saving the soul from sin; being granted eternal life with God.

37
Q

The Three Ways of Salvation

A

Works - doing good works, having faith in God, and obeying God’s law
Grace - an undeserved and unearned gift for those who have faith in Jesus
Holy Spirit - the spirit gives grace to Christians and guide them in their daily lives to help them achieve salvation

38
Q

How do Christians believe Jesus has ‘saved’ them

A
  • Jesus’ death removes the barrier created by human sin
  • Jesus’ resurrection makes it possible for all who follow his teachings to gain eternal life
  • Humans can now receive forgiveness for their sins
39
Q

Salvation quotes

A
  • “Salvation is found in no one else…” - Acts
  • “The one who believes in me will live, even though they die” - John
  • “…he will save his people from their sins” - Matthew
  • “…he is the Messiah, the Lord” - Luke
40
Q

Incarnation quote

A
  • “the Word became flesh and made his dwelling among us.” - John
41
Q

Jesus as fully God and fully human quotes

A
  • “The virgin will conceive and give birth to a son” - Isaiah
  • “and after fasting forty days and forty nights, he was hungry” - Matthew
  • “Jesus is inseparably true God and true man.” - Catholic Church Catechism
42
Q

Purgatory

A

A catholic belief of an intermediate state where souls are purified before entering heaven

43
Q

Creation story quotes

A
  • “In the beginning, God created the heavens and the earth” - Genesis
  • “And God said, Let there be light: and there was light” - Genesis
  • “God saw all that He had made, and it was very good” - Genesis
  • “…and have dominion over the fish of the sea, and over the fowl of the air” - Genesis
44
Q

Resurrection quotes

A
  • “I am the resurrection and the life” - John
  • “He is not here; he has risen!” - Luke
  • “We know that Christ, being raised from the dead, will never die again; death no longer has dominion over him” - Romans