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Phiosophy And Ethics > Theme A exam > Flashcards

Theme A exam Flashcards

1
Q

What is contraception?

A
  • precaution taken to prevent pregnancy in order to be able to ‘family plan’
  • most responsible way to bring children into the world as they can wait to be in apposition where they are ready to look after and provide for the child
  • allows you to be able to enjoy a sexual relationship
  • reduces the risk of STI’s
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2
Q

What are the different methods of contraception?

A
  • Artificial devices (‘made’ such as condoms)
  • natural methods (behaviours to limit the chance of pregnancy such as withdrawal or rhythm methods)
  • permanent methods (operations to prevent the production of sperm such as the pill, coil and cap)
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3
Q

Why might people have sex?

A 
Love
Lust
Fun
Money
To build a family
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4
Q

What is adultery?

A

Married person having sex with someone other than the person they are married to (an affair)

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5
Q

What is the age of consent ?

A

The legal age in Britain which people are considered old enough to have sex is 16

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6
Q

What is celibacy ?

A

Abstaining from sexual relationships ?

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7
Q

What is heterosexuality ?

A

A sexual relationship between a man and woman (opposite sexes)

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8
Q

What is homosexuality ?

A

A sexual relationship between two people of the same gender (man and man or woman and woman)

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9
Q

Why might some people marry?

A 
Love
Sex
Make a relationship legitimate 
Children 
Money
Companionship 
Accepted way in society 
Religious  
Their parents encourage it
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10
Q

What is cohabitation?

A

Living together as if married
The couple have no marriage licence
Don’t have the same legal rights as couple in a relationship

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11
Q

Explore some different views on cohabitation?

A

Many people in the modern world accept it because they believe you should live in a way that makes you happy

Some religious people see it as living in sin and being in an unofficial relationship

If a couple have a sexual relationship when cohabiting this is seen as sex outside of marriage

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12
Q

What is civil marriage ?

A

A marriage for a couple (or same sex couple since 2014) carried out at a registry office- (they may be divorced or unreligious )

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13
Q

What is a civil partnership ?

A

The legal registration of a same sex couple giving them some legal protection and financial protection

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14
Q

Religious marriage ?

A

A marriage service for a heterosexual couple carried out in a religious place of worship

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15
Q

What are some views on same-sex marriage ?

A
  • legally protected through civil partnership or marriage in a registry office
  • under Islamic shari’ah law it carries the death penalty
  • some people accept them as gay but think they should refrain from sex
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16
Q

Discuss polygamy ?

A

Polygamy is the practice of a man being married to more than one woman at the same time and having children with all of them.

  • it’s illegal in the UK
  • under shari’ah law polygamy is allowed under certain circumstances. Some British Muslims marry Islamically - no marriage license is signed allowing several marriages
  • Muhammad allowed this to give war widowers support and protection

Today the man must seek acceptance from his first wife and then treat and spend time, finance, nights and bringing up children equally with all the women

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17
Q

What is the nuclear family ?

A

A family unit consisting of a mother a father and children which is popular in the Western World

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18
Q

What is an extended nuclear family ?

A

Is the nuclear family but with extended family like grandparents all living together
It is most common in fair east, Africa , Middle East and South America
Is popular Muslim and Hindu traditions

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19
Q

Why does children bring a responsibility to parents ?

A 
New purpose and responsibilities 
A need to provide stability 
Consistency in behaviour and life
Safety
Protection 
Educate 
Enable children to become successful individuals 
Having children is a religious responsibility and may keep a marriage together
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20
Q

Educating children in faithful?

A
  • gives them the best start in life
  • help their children be happy and ready to do well in life
  • many have initiation ceremonies to officially welcome their children into the faith for example Christians have baptism
  • teaching them from the start ensures they are good at worship and understand all beliefs of their religion
  • religion provides a structure and a behaviour code ensuring a good development
  • access to support and enables them to partake in activities
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21
Q

What are the negatives and positives of immediately bringing your child up in faith ?

A

Positives:

  • gives an identity
  • best environment for a child to develop
  • being part of something
  • structure

Negatives:

  • may reject the faith later in life
  • wrong to force them into something
  • at a young age people cannot decide their own religion
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22
Q

Why is there a need for divorce?

A 
pressures in life such as:
- illness
- jobs 
- addictions
- affairs and abuse
divorce is seen as the only solution to these
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23
Q

what is the Christian/ church of England views upon divorce?

A

in 1969 the divorce rule in the church of England was relaxed because couples living in loveless or separated marriages were unable to move on with their lives.

jesus taught compassion, forgiveness and understanding and second chances - divorce is compatible with that

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24
Q

what support is available before the option of divorce?

A 
support from:
families 
religion
friends
charities
support groups
marriage counsellors
prayer - asking god to help and guide the couple through
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25
Q

define the sex of a person?

A

refers to the biological and physiological characteristics that define men and women

26
Q

define the gender of a person?

A

refers to the socially constructed roles, behaviours, activities and attributes that a given society considers appropriate for men and women

27
Q

define marriage?

A

the formal union of a man and woman typically recognised by law by which they become husband and wife

28
Q

what is the most important part of marriage for Catholics?

A

procreation - marriage is the most stable relationship in which to have children

29
Q

PURPOSE of marriage ?

A

Procreation - stable relationship to have children in
Union - enables people to live in love and support
Rearing children - stable and loving to raise children
Pattern for society - provides society with family units of mutual support
One flesh - express sexuality honestly lovingly and passionately
Sacred - holy institution blessed by God
Eternal - everlasting faithful relationship

30
Q

what is the most important part of the PURPOSE of marriage for Christians ?

A

that marriage is sacred because it gives them a relationship with god as well as their other half

31
Q

why do Christians prefer to get married in a church?

A

because during their vows in a church service they feel they are making promises to god as well as their other half
the service is performed by a clergyman reminding them of the purpose of marriage
a church reminds Christians of the commitment and love between Adam and Eve and the initial love god had for his creations

32
Q

what do rings symbolise?

A
  • round for eternity of marriage
  • gold for purity
  • from the jew tradition
  • worn on a finger with a vein straight to the heart
  • plain for the simplicity of marriage
33
Q

what do Christians have to do to prepare for the wedding?

A 
before the wedding they must publicly announce their marriage (banns) read out on 3 sundays during the 3 months before the marriage and must be read out in the parishes of both people (if not a bishop gives a special licence) 
have 5-7 weeks of prep 
talk to a clergyman who will emphasize that marriage is a lifelong commitment 
attend couples courses covering:
- cohabitation
- commitment
- compromise
- communication
34
Q

what are some Christians quotes on marriage and divorce?

A

“therefore what God has joined let no one separate”
“so they are no longer two, but one flesh”
“the two shall become one flesh”
Mark 10:6-9

35
Q

Only Christians who go to church regularly should be allowed to marry in a church, do you agree?

A

no bc church has different meanings for people whether that be religion or just a family tradition

yes bc of cultural appropriation and respect for certain religions

36
Q

what is promiscuity?

A

casual sexual relationships

37
Q

why are some people for sex before marriage

A

fine as long as it takes place in a loving long term relationship
you must see if you and your partner are compatible
expresses your love for one another
contraceptive make it safe
enjoyable
builds a strong secure relationship

38
Q

why are some people against sex before marriage?

A

a child should be brought up in a secure relationship where mum and dad are married
sex is something special and should be saved
sleeping around is wrong and you should be with someone securely that you love and trust
the act can become cheapened
if people reduced the amount of sex they had, STI’s would be reduced
if you sleep around you or someone else may get hurt

39
Q

what do Christians think about sex before marriage?

A
  • sex is an act of love and commitment that should be part of a meaningful/loving relationship
  • promiscuity is not accepted because it reduces sex to animalistic behaviour
  • ten commandments (thou shall not commit adultery)
40
Q

what do Catholics think about sex before marriage?

A
  • sex should be in marriage where man and woman belong to each other exclusively and permanently
  • destroys the idea of a family
  • contrary to moral law
  • grave sin
  • “human love does not tolerate trial marriages” - catechism of the Catholic church
41
Q

what do liberal Christians think about sex before marriage?

A
  • act of long and commitment and should be part of a loving, meaningful relationship
  • accept pre-marital sex if marriage is likely to follow
  • no exploitation
  • no harmful actions
  • no promiscuity because it can hurt people
  • love most important
42
Q

what do the church of England and other Anglicans think about sex before marriage?

A
  • in the middle
  • it can happen if your intended to get marriage / relationship is meaningful / can’t hurt anyone
  • marriage is God’s gift and is best for children
  • a free attitude causes marital breakdown and children to be hurt
43
Q

give some bible quotes on love, relationships, sex and marriage?

A

“Anyone who looks at a woman lustfully has already committed adultery with her in his heart” - Mathew 5;28

“God wants you to be holy and completely free from sexual immortality” - Thessalonians 4:3

“The sexual act must take place exclusively within marriage. Outside marriage it always constitutes a grave sin” - Catechism of the Catholic church

44
Q

explain religious attitudes to sex outside of marriage ? (5 marks)

A

all Christians believe that sex outside of marriage is acceptable as it is part of love and commitment however it should take place in solemn relationships where the love is mutual and genuine

Whereas most Catholics believe that sex outside of marriage is wrong because as stated by the Catechism of the catholic church it destroys the idea of a family and it is a grave sin

45
Q

what do roman Catholics think about divorce?

A
  • don’t allow it
  • if you do, you can’t re-marry
  • marriage is a sacrament by god and if you divorce you will be separated from him
    annulment is allowed if:
  • they didn’t understand marriage
  • marriage not consummated
  • one was not baptised
    Jesus said divorce was wrong - “let no one separate”
46
Q

what do they protestant church of England think about divorce?

A
  • allow re - marriage
  • divorce is okay
  • jesus allowed divorce for adultery
  • god forgives sin
  • with forgiveness, divorcees can still share happiness
  • circumstances require it
  • Adam and Eve made mistakes so we can too
47
Q

why did the views about the role of men and women change?

A
  • jesus appeared to women before his male disciples
  • women followers stayed at the cross
  • Samaritans treated women as equals to men and Mathew preached in court of women
48
Q

religious parents should be…

A

faithful
enlightening
responsible
knowledgeable about their religion and approachable to questions about it

49
Q

what is a re-constituted family?

A

where two sets of children (step brothers and step sisters) become one family due to the re-marriage of one of their parents

50
Q

explain how family life has changed within the united kingdom? (4 marks)

A

one way family life has changed is the sizing of them. In today’s society we have moved away from the idea of a nuclear family and they are now larger with links between all sexes

in addition the roles within families have changed as women have gained an equal dominance to men and have moved away from the stereotypical views that their purpose is to cook and clean

51
Q

1857

A

the matrimonial causes act gave women the right to divorce an abusive husband

52
Q

1882

A

The married woman property act gave a woman rights over how property and earnings

53
Q

1918

A

representation of the people act gave woman the right to vote and was the start of the female suffragettes

54
Q

1922

A

the law of property act enabled a husband and wife to inherit each others property and granted them equal rights to inherit the property of interstate children

55
Q

1937

A

extends the grounds of divorce under the matrimonial act and allows women to divorce for adultery and divorce on more grounds

56
Q

1975

A

the sex discrimination act which protects men and women from discrimination on the grounds of sex or married status

57
Q

2010

A

the equality act legally protects people from discrimination in the workplace and wider society

58
Q

why do families matter?

A
  • provide care for everyone
  • emotional and physical support
  • identity
  • shelter
  • teaching

western view - family is the base for society

59
Q

how do churches support parents?

A
  • give support in difficult times
  • helps parents raise children in a stable Christian environment
  • provides support for single parents and the upbringing of the children
  • runs scouts and brownies
  • offer help and advice through counselling and organisations (catholic marriage advisory council / child welfare council)
60
Q

what are some quotes about the Christian family?

A

“be fruitful and increases in number” - genesis 1:28
“The family is the community in which from childhood one can learn moral values begin to honour god and make good use of freedom - Catechism of the Catholic church

61
Q

what is annulment?

A

the roman catholic way if ending marriage - the marriage is set aside as if it were never real. However a legal divorce must still happen to officially end it

62
Q

second marriage ?

A

this can happen after the death of a partner so the one left marries again

Phiosophy And Ethics (12 decks)

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