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Phiosophy And Ethics > MOCKKKK > Flashcards

MOCKKKK Flashcards

1
Q

what is the dhamma

A

the teaching of the buddha
the way the universe operates like cosmic law and existed before the Buddha did but he put into words for others to understand and explained it

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2
Q

Dhammapada 183

A

to avoid all evil, to cultivate good and to cleanse ones mind
one of the buddhas teachings

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3
Q

what are the Buddhist beliefs about the nature of reality

A

the three marks of existence

dependent arising

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4
Q

what are the three marks of existence

A

dukkha - everything is constantly changing which causes unsatisfactoriness which leads to suffering

annica - everything is impermeant and illusionary, everything is changing and is constantly in flux

anatta - since everything is constantly changing there can be no permanent or fixed self or soul as the elements which make this are constantly in flux

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5
Q

what is dependent arising

A

paticca sampuda
“if this exists that comes to exist”
Buddhists believe that we have thousands of rebirths and we are a bundle of changing elements - skandhas born into many lifetimes trying to achieve enlightenment
together these elements are enough to keep the illusion going but the chain of existence comes from paticca sampupada or dependent arising

there are interdependent events which cause the existence or occurrence of other events

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6
Q

what are the skandhas

A

the five elements (aggregates) a person is made up of

  • physical form (rupa) made up of all elements fire, earth, water and air
  • sensations/feelings (vedana) caused when the eye sees, ear hears, mouth tastes, nose smells, body touches or mind thinks
  • perception (samjna) od senses
  • mental formations (samskara) the decision-making bit of our brain which makes us think/say/do something
  • awareness/consciousness (vijnana)
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7
Q

sunyata

A

emptiness/ void
it is the skilful means by which a person disentangles themselves from the impurity of existence and from unsatisfactoriness
to realise sunyata is to cease attachment and craving and it leads to enlightenment
meditation is a mean to understand it and is hence able to help you reach enlightenment
no rising and falling only calmness

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8
Q

Arhat

A

in Theravada buddhism a perfected being the stage before enlightenment
one has gained insight into the true nature of existence and has achieved nibbana
unlikely to become one unless a monk in a monastery

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9
Q

what are two different attitudes about reaching enlightenment

A

Theravada - enlightenment is a personal goal sought by monks who become arhats

Mahayana - individuals can support others to reach enlightenment

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10
Q

buddha hood

A

the mahayanan belief that everyone has the potential to become a buddha

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11
Q

sila

A

ten precepts

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12
Q

what are the stages of being a bodhisattva

A
  • declaring the intention to put off Buddhahood to help others
  • taking vows to show determination
  • working hard to develop the six perfections
  • becoming enlightened and attaining Buddhahood because they have being selfless all along
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13
Q

what tells the story of the four sights

A

jataka tales 075

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14
Q

discuss the four sights

A

holy man
old age
illness
death

the holy man gave him a potential solution to the dissatisfaction caused by the other three
the encounter with death shows the impermanence of the material world as wealth cannot stop it
renounced his life of wealth
triggered his path to spiritual enlightenment

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15
Q

what was the ascetic life that buddha lead

A

he spent 6 years learning meditation techniques from different hindu masters
he lived an austere life denying himself o things he craved like food
he almost starved to death but didn’t find the solution to suffering

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16
Q

what made buddha choose to give up the ascetic lifestyle

A

he heard a man telling his on about stringing an instrument and he said that if they are too tight they will snap but too lose and it wont play
he saw this as a metaphor for what he was doing as the extreme life of wealth and the extreme life of austere didn’t work so he washed and ate food and was abandoned by his companions who saw him as a failure

hence Buddhism is a middle way

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17
Q

how Siddhartha Gautama become enlightened

A

he meditated beneath a bodhi tree for 40 nights and 40 days
he was tormented by the demon Mara who tried to distract him from his purpose but he called on the goddess of the earth Vasunhara to witness that he was fit to achieve enlightenment
four stages:
- he recalled his past lives thus being able to see he was ready for enlightenment
- he understood how all living things came to exist - pattica sampuada as he understood everything is impermanent
- he realised that suffering comes from a desire or craving that needs to be overcome
- he attained nibbana with this knowledge and had a sense of calm and happiness

18
Q

what are the eight things of the eightfold path or fourth noble truth

A 
right view
thought/intention
speech
action
livelihood
effort
mindfulness
concentration
19
Q

what are the five precepts

A

five guidelines for living which all Buddhists laity must keep to in order to achieve good karma and counter act the three poisons
a precept can be broken in mind and practice

  • abstain from harming sentient beings
  • abstain from taking what is not freely given
  • abstain from sexual misconduct
  • abstain from using false speech, being untruthful r unkind with language
  • abstain from using intoxicating drinks and drugs causing heedlessness
20
Q

what are the ten precepts (sila)

A

abstaining from

  • taking untimely meals
  • dancing
  • music
  • singing
  • wearing garlands
  • perfumes
  • jewellery
  • use of high seats
  • use of luxurious beds
  • accepting gold or silver
21
Q

puja

A

a formal act of worship that takes place before a shrine people remove their shoes and sit on the floor for humility
three core elements:
- bowing to the buddha 3 tomes to represent the buddha, sangha and dhamma
- make offering
- chanting

expression of devotion and thankfulness to the buddha but it may be for a specific purpose such as become pregnant
shows right mindfulness

22
Q

what is a Theravada death ritual

A

sutea recited to the dead
the coffin is surrounded with incense candles and wreaths
monks chant scripture
at cremation monks sit facing the coffin and relatives bring lit candles to put under coffin and start flames - impermenance

23
Q

what is the Japanese death ritual

A

funeral rites last several days
procession to the temple were the coffin placed in front of items to invoke paradise and mourners give money
priests kneels before and recites sutras
body is burned while a family meal takes place
ashes and bones are placed in a box using special chopsticks and this is put in the family shrine before internment in the family grave

24
Q

what is the Tibetan death ritual

A

book of the dead read to prepare them for bardo which is the state between death and rebirth which lasts for up to 49 days and is a place of demons and terror
glimpse of enlightenment and karma decide whether they get it or not
sky burial performed on a hillside the body is dismembered while scripture read
parts are offered the vultures emphasising non-attachment and buddha gave body to feed she tiger cubs in one life

25
Q

Parinivana day

A 
recalls the day buddha died
solemn 
reflect on future and recent deaths 
attend temple / meditation 
prayers said for recently deceased to merit them on their journey
traditional day for pilgrimage in asia 
money given
26
Q

explain two Christian teachings about the incarnation

A

god is omnipotent so he was able to restore the life of his son

it taught Christians that God is almost human because the incarnation meant “the word became flesh and lived among us” the teaching shows the omnibenevolence of God because he lived among them

27
Q

give a teaching to support the fact that not always feeling the love of god makes you stronger

A

our present sufferings are not worth comparing with the glory that will be rewarded in us - romans

28
Q

what is moral evil

A

the devil tempt people and humans have free will which they abuse and so hurt others

29
Q

what is natural evil

A

suffering Is allowed as punishment for wrong-doing and is a test of faith for example the story of job it is needed so we can appreciate good and are educated by seeing and experiencing suffering

30
Q

what is salvation

A

being accepted through God and having the assurance of eternal life

31
Q

what are the seven sacraments

A 
baptism
confirmation
eucharist
reconciliation
healing 
marriage
ordination

some people reject them because there is no direct reference to them in the bible

they are offered at appropriate times in a person’s life

32
Q

discuss the last supper

A

took bread and wine and said - “this is my body which is given for you, do this in remembrance of me, this is my blood, do this in remembrance of me”
this was a sign of a new covenant between God and all believers established by the death of Jesus

some say the eucharist is a taste of heaven that unites the worshipper with Christ and is food for the soul giving strength to live every day as Christians

33
Q

what is the orthodox divine liturgy

A

divine is a reminder of the sacred mystery of the service and the liturgy means work of the people in the praising of god

bread and wine prepared into four and the eucharist said to consecrate three of them so they coexist with the actual body and blood of jesus

this service includes bible readings, sermons, prayers and hymns are sung from one chalice of bread soaked in the wine spoonfuls are given and the fourth unconsecrated bread is broken up to be taken home

34
Q

what is roman catholic mass

A

worshippers confess sins and forgiveness is given
bible readings, sermons and prayers
Nicene creed recited
bread and wine brought and consecrated by the eucharist prayer
only priest drinks the wine

35
Q

pilgrimage

A

brings feelings of spirituality/growth and closeness to god
allows focus on faith and a renewed energy to cope with the demands of life
healing, physical or spiritual
comes in transience

36
Q

Easter

A

death and resurrection of Jesus
holy week begins with palm sunday and ends with easter sunday and each day remembers the events that lead to and followed the death and resurrection

Mathew 21-28
mark 11-16
luke 19-24
john 12-21

palm sunday - jesus entery into jerusalam
maundy Thursday - the last supper and Jesus’ arrest
good Friday - Jesus’ crucifixion and death
easter sunday - the resurrection

remember the greatest sacrifice ever made

37
Q

what did john say about the role of the church in the local community

A

if anyone has material possessions and ignores his brother in need how can he love god? - john 1

lets not love with words or thoughts but with actions and in truths

38
Q

what did jesus say about the role of the church in the local community

A

it is not the well that need a doctor but the sick

39
Q

the salvation army

A

founded as a result of the deprivation people were living in and the apparent unconcern shown by many Christian churches
it works with the poor and disadvantaged setting up food banks, hostels, toy collections at Christmas and training and employment, help and advice

40
Q

St Vincent de Paul society

A

a roman catholic society whose aim is to provide for the great needs of people in society
its motto is to help the homeless, visit the sick, befriend the lonely and feed the hungry
setting up support centres
provide work training
helping refugees, released prisoners, the disabled and the mentally ill

41
Q

poverty and the need for Christian response

A
  • sheep and goats
  • the good samrtitan

Christian aid
tearfund
CAFOD

poverty is the absence of basic needs of life - food, water, shelter, healthcare, education and unemployment

Phiosophy And Ethics (12 decks)

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