Theme 5 Dan

Question 1

Monomer

Answer 1

One molecule, single most basic unit

Question 2

Dimer

Answer 2

2 monomers chemically bonded together

Question 3

Polymer

Answer 3

A long chain of monomers chemically bonded together

Question 4

Anabolism

Answer 4

The synthesis of complex molecules from simple molecules by a condensation reaction (building larger molecules)

Question 5

Catabolism

Answer 5

Breaking down large molecules. The synthesis of simple molecules from complex molecules by a hydrogen reaction

Question 6

Covalent bonding (electrons)

Answer 6

Shares electrons

Question 7

Ionic bonding (electrons)

Answer 7

Gains or looses electrons

Question 8

Hydrogen bonding

Answer 8

Electrostatic force of attraction between a hydrogen atom which is covalently bonded to a more electronegative atom.

Question 9

Condensation reaction

Answer 9

Joins two molecules together involving the elimination of a molecule of water

Question 10

Hydrolysis reaction

Answer 10

Breaks a chemical bond between two molecules involving the use of water molecules.

Question 11

Isomeric monosaccharides

Answer 11

Same chemical formula, different structure

Question 12

Glycosidic bond

Answer 12

Bonding carbohydrates

Question 13

How many amino acids are there

Answer 13

20

Question 14

What are the monomers that make up polymers of proteins

Answer 14

Amino acids

Question 15

What is the structure of an amino acid

Answer 15

Central carbon atom to which are attached four chemical groups
Amino group (-NH2)
Carboxyl group (-COOH)
A hydrogen atom (H)
R (side) group (all 20 have a different R)

Question 16

What do proteins form into?

Answer 16

Polypeptides

Question 17

What does the primary structure determine

Answer 17

Its 3D shape

Question 18

Describe the primary structure of protein

Answer 18

Amino acids joined together by peptide bonds assembled by ribosomes

Question 19

Describe the secondary structure of protein?

Answer 19

Hydrogen bonds cause polypeptides to twist and form either an alpha helix or beta sheets.

Question 20

Describe the tertiary structure of proteins

Answer 20

The alpha helixes of the secondary structure can be twisted and folded again and is held together by different bonds (such as ionic bonds and disulphide bridges) and areas that are hydrophilic and hydrophobic

Question 21

Describe the quaternary structure of proteins

Answer 21

The structure of proteins which are composed of two or more smaller protein chains such as alpha chains, beta chains, heme group etc

Question 22

What are the two main lipids?
What do they contain?
Are they soluble in water?

Answer 22

Triglycerides and phospholipids
Carbon, hydrogen and oxygen
No

Question 23

What are the 4 roles of lipids in the body?

Answer 23

Protection
Insulation
Energy
Phospholipids

Question 24

What is triglycerides?
Shape
Group of?
What bond?
What reaction?

Answer 24

A group of 3 fatty acids combined with glycerol formed by an ester bond in a condensation reaction E shaped

Question 25

What are phospholipids?
Made of?
Shape

Answer 25

One molecule of glycerol, two fatty acid chains and one phosphate molecule. They have a hydrophilic head and two hydrophobic tails